Biologics, Volume 4, Issue 2

Purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a very common cartilage disorder affecting millions of people globally and is characterized by pain, stiffness, swelling, loss of articular cartilage, and osteophyte formation, resulting in disability. The presen...

Hyperpigmentation skin disorders are marked by an abnormal accumulation or export of melanin pigment synthesized within melanocytes and pose a significant aesthetic concern. The search for novel natural compounds that exhibit pharmacological potentia...

Viral vectors are agents enabling gene transfer and genome editing and have widespread utility across the healthcare and biotechnology sectors. In January 2023, the International Bureau for Weights and Measures’ Consultative Committee for Amoun...

Background: Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors represent a novel class of oral therapies showing efficacy in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), challenging conventional treatment paradigms. Summary: This review provides an ov...

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a debilitating condition that poses a significant public health concern. Historically linked to motor vehicle accidents, the epidemiology of TBI has evolved. Falls now emerge as the predominant cause, particularly amon...

Cardiovascular disease remains the main cause of mortality in the 21st century. Hypertension, vessel atherosclerosis, and familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are responsible for increased mortality and morbidity in patients. Therapies for cardiovascul...

Tick-borne diseases account for a large proportion of vector-borne illnesses. They include, for example, a variety of infections caused by bacteria, spirochetes, viruses, rickettsiae, and protozoa. We aim to present a review that demonstrates the con...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are highly glycosylated proteins in which heparan sulfate, a glycosaminoglycan sugar chain, is an acidic sugar chain consisting of a repeating disaccharide structure of glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine is locally...