Physical-Chemical Properties of Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates: Recent Environmental and Industrial Advancements
Definition
:1. Introduction
Mica Group | |||
---|---|---|---|
Sheet Type | Layer Stacking | General Formula | |
Muscovite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | KAl2(Si3,Al)O10(OH,F)2 |
Paragonite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | NaAl2(Si3,Al)O10(OH)2 |
Margarite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2 |
Celadonite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | K(Mg,Fe3+,◽)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
Biotite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH,F)2 |
Phlogopite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | KMg3(Si3,Al)O10(OH,F)2 |
Annite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | KFe3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2 |
Lepidolite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | K(Li,Al)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH,F)2 |
Zinnwaldite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | KLiFe2+Al(AlSi3)O10(OH,F)2 |
Clay group | |||
Kaolinite | Dioctahedral | 1:1 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4 |
Halloysite | Dioctahedral | 1:1 | Al2Si2O5(OH)4·2H2O |
Illite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | K0.6–0.85(Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Talc | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
Pyrophyllite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | Al2Si4O10(OH)2 |
Palygorskite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O) |
Sepiolite | Trioctahedral | 2:1 | Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6H2O |
Nontronite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | Na0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·n(H2O) |
Montmorillonite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | (Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O |
Vermiculite | Either trioctahedral or dioctahedral | 2:1 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe2+,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4·8H2O |
Glauconite | Dioctahedral | 2:1 | (K,Na)(Fe3+Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 |
Chlorite | Either trioctahedral or dioctahedral | 2:1:1 | (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2·(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6 |
2. Methods for Preparing Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates
2.1. Physical and Chemical Modification Methods for Preparing Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates
2.2. X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD)
3. Applications and Influences
3.1. Surface Charge and Its Potential in Technological Applications
3.2. Nano-Sized Micas for Pearlescent Pigment Production
3.3. Nanoclays and Their Role as Environmental Adsorbents
3.4. Importance of Nano-Sized Clay Minerals in Hazardous Waste Disposal
3.5. Nanoclays in Polymers
3.6. Clay Mineral Physical-Chemical Properties for Enological Applications
3.7. Clay Minerals in Healthcare
4. Conclusions and Prospects
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mineral Name | d(001) (Å) Cu-Kα | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kaolinite | 7.19 | Brindley and Brown [5] |
Kaolinite (disordered) | 7.15 | Carroll [11] |
Halloysite | 7.2 (dehydrated) 10.1 (hydrated) | Carroll [11] |
Sepiolite | 4.00–9.51 12.6, 4.31, 2.61 | Brindley and Brown [5] Carroll [11] |
Illite | 9.91 | Brindley and Brown [5] |
Talc | 9.32 | Brindley and Brown [5] |
Serpentine | 8.38 | Brindley and Brown [5] |
Vermiculite | 14.51–14.82 14.2 (unheated) 9.23 (heated) 9.3 (heated at 700 °C) | Brindley and Brown [5] Grim [35] Carroll [11] |
Smectite | 15.00 17.00–18.00 | Carroll [11] Brindley and Brown [5] |
Clinochlore 1 | 14.20 13.7 | Brindley and Brown [5] Grim [35] |
Muscovite | 10.10 9.98 | Brindley and Brown [5] Grim [35] |
Muscovite 1M | 10.077 | Carroll [11] |
Muscovite 2M | 10.014 | Carroll [11] |
Biotite | 10.30 10.1 | Brindley and Brown [5] Grim [35] |
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Elmi, C. Physical-Chemical Properties of Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates: Recent Environmental and Industrial Advancements. Encyclopedia 2023, 3, 1439-1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3040103
Elmi C. Physical-Chemical Properties of Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates: Recent Environmental and Industrial Advancements. Encyclopedia. 2023; 3(4):1439-1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3040103
Chicago/Turabian StyleElmi, Chiara. 2023. "Physical-Chemical Properties of Nano-Sized Phyllosilicates: Recent Environmental and Industrial Advancements" Encyclopedia 3, no. 4: 1439-1460. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia3040103