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Review

Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology

by
Emilia Oleandro
1,2,
Simonetta Grilli
1,
Romina Rega
1,
Martina Mugnano
1,
Vittorio Bianco
1,
Marika Valentino
1,3,
Biagio Mandracchia
1,
Filomena Nazzaro
4,*,
Raffaele Coppola
5 and
Pietro Ferraro
1
1
Institute of Applied Sciences & Intelligent Systems, National Research Council (CNR-ISASI), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
2
Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Viale Abramo Lincoln, 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
3
Department of Electrical and Information Technology Engineering, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Napoli, Italy
4
Institute of Food Science, National Research Council (CNR-ISA), Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy
5
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Food, University of Molise, Via de Sanctis snc, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Microbiol. 2021, 1(3), 557-572; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030036
Submission received: 21 September 2021 / Revised: 5 November 2021 / Accepted: 12 November 2021 / Published: 17 November 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Exploiting the Influence of Natural Substances, Compounds and Probiotics as Antimicrobial Agents for Food and Health Applications)
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Abstract

The development of more sensitive methodologies, capable of quickly detecting and monitoring a microbial population present in a specific biological matrix, as well as performing to allow for the study of all its metabolic changes (e.g., during the formation of biofilm) to occur, is an essential requirement for both well-being and the food industry. Two techniques, in particular, have gained the attention of scientists: The first is “biospeckle”, an optical technique representing an innovative tool for applications in food quality, food safety, and nutraceuticals. With this technique, we can quickly evaluate and monitor the presence of bacteria (or their proliferation) in a solid or liquid biological matrix. In addition, the technique is helpful in quantifying and optimizing the correct storage time of the pro-biotics, if they are entrapped in matrices such as alginate and follow their survival rate in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions. A second technique with great chances is the “biofilm electrostatic test” (BET). BET undoubtedly represents a fast, simple, and highly reproducible tool suitable for admitting the evaluation of the in vitro bacterial capacity in order to adhere through an electrostatic interaction with a pyro-electrified carrier after only 2 h of incubation. BET could represent the way for a quick and standardized evaluation of bacterial resistance among biofilm-producing microorganisms through a fast evaluation of the potential presence of the biofilm.
Keywords: biofilms; probiotics; optical techniques; BET carrier; pyro-electrified polymer sheets; bacterial adhesion; food quality and safety; health biofilms; probiotics; optical techniques; BET carrier; pyro-electrified polymer sheets; bacterial adhesion; food quality and safety; health

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Oleandro, E.; Grilli, S.; Rega, R.; Mugnano, M.; Bianco, V.; Valentino, M.; Mandracchia, B.; Nazzaro, F.; Coppola, R.; Ferraro, P. Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology. Appl. Microbiol. 2021, 1, 557-572. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030036

AMA Style

Oleandro E, Grilli S, Rega R, Mugnano M, Bianco V, Valentino M, Mandracchia B, Nazzaro F, Coppola R, Ferraro P. Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology. Applied Microbiology. 2021; 1(3):557-572. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030036

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oleandro, Emilia, Simonetta Grilli, Romina Rega, Martina Mugnano, Vittorio Bianco, Marika Valentino, Biagio Mandracchia, Filomena Nazzaro, Raffaele Coppola, and Pietro Ferraro. 2021. "Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology" Applied Microbiology 1, no. 3: 557-572. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030036

APA Style

Oleandro, E., Grilli, S., Rega, R., Mugnano, M., Bianco, V., Valentino, M., Mandracchia, B., Nazzaro, F., Coppola, R., & Ferraro, P. (2021). Biospeckle Analysis and Biofilm Electrostatic Tests, Two Useful Methods in Microbiology. Applied Microbiology, 1(3), 557-572. https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol1030036

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