Sensory Considerations for Emerging Textile Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Sources
2.2. Search Terms
2.3. Selection Criteria and Strategy
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
Current Evidence for Characteristics of Tactile Sensory Considerations
4. Discussion
4.1. Clothing as a Barrier
4.2. Clothing as an Enabler
5. Application of Tactile or Textile Integration Therapies
5.1. Use of E-Textiles
5.2. Use of Textiles/Wearables to Support Sensory Integration for Adults in Sport
5.3. Tactile Integration in Mainstream Society
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PCC Element | Search Terms (Including MESH) |
---|---|
Population | “sport” OR “athlete” OR “disability” OR “general population” |
Concept | “Sensory integration” OR “tactile sensory integration” OR “sensory modulation” OR “tactile sensory issues” |
Context | “clothing” OR “textiles” OR “garments” |
Tactile Sensory Considerations | Evidence and Application |
---|---|
Irritating fabric and textiles. Avoid seams and tags. Weighted clothing or bulky seams can cause discomfort. The fabric and location of the seams, tags, and labels. | Kabel, McBee-Black, and Dimka [9] found children with autism spectrum disorder can be highly sensitive to seams and rough materials. The presence of tags or bulky seams in compression or weighted clothing caused discomfort [12]. When interviewed, some adults with tactile sensory processing difficulties reported hypersensitivity and discomfort when wearing clothing with tags, labels, and seams. The location of these features may heighten discomfort [7]. |
Texture of materials: smooth or soft textures are often preferred. | Negative perception of noticeable bumps or roughness in the fabrics and a preference for soft fabrics [19]. Adults with autism spectrum disorder reported that soft clothing improved comfort [7]. Shin, Smith, and Gaines [18] suggest textiles can alert or calm, evoking a sensory response. The feel of clothing and fabrics was one of the three most important descriptors of comfort in sport clothing [20]. Wool was regarded as scratchy or uncomfortable, and cotton was described as soft and more comfortable [7,20]. Using soft textiles increases wearer comfort [25]. Smart coatings, such as phase change materials, shape memory polymer, or conductive coatings, can sense and respond to external stimuli, increasing the sensory comfort of sportswear [21]. |
Supports participation in functionality and design. | The comfort of clothing (such as electronic compression clothing) can significantly impact usability [22,24]. Consumers found functional/adaptable clothing to be unfashionable and limit participation [9,12]. A lack of social acceptability and comfort of clothing design can lead to avoidance of using it in public environments or on special occasions [9]. The physiological and thermoregulation properties of clothing influence sensation, comfort, and performance during sporting activities [20,22]. Creating textiles or sensory garments that are visually appealing and do not have the appearance of a medical device is important for usability [23]. |
Allows freedom of movement. | Smart textiles for physiological monitoring that allow freedom of movement [15]. Garments need to be breathable and easy to don/doff to avoid heighted sensory responses or discomfort [7,12]. Freedom of movement was the most important descriptor of comfort in sport garments [20]. Greater freedom of movement is associated with more positive sensory experiences and perceptions of clothing [25]. Smart textiles designed for therapeutic sensory stimulation were required to be easy to don (e.g., aprons, vests, lap blankets), able to be washed, and portable (i.e., battery-operated) [26]. |
Durable and long-lasting fabric: fabrics which are not easily damaged by friction from mobility equipment use. | Clothing can cause friction, slipping, or bunching of trousers for wheelchair users and restrict movement and mobility [9]. For higher-intensity activities, such as sports, protection and durability are key factors that influence the sensory perception of products [20]. |
Affordability and access. | Sourcing and accessing adaptive clothing can be difficult. There are a limited number of physical stores that sell adaptive clothing [9]. Accessibility has increased with online shopping; however, the clothing needs to be carefully described for the consumer so they are able to adequately determine if the garment meets their sensory needs [27]. Sizing issues/inconsistencies are a limitation to accessing adaptive clothing [12,18]. For e-textiles to be affordable and accessible, mass production is required [26]. |
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Kay, E.; Levick, J.; Machingura, T.; Bird, S. Sensory Considerations for Emerging Textile Applications. Textiles 2024, 4, 17-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles4010002
Kay E, Levick J, Machingura T, Bird S. Sensory Considerations for Emerging Textile Applications. Textiles. 2024; 4(1):17-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles4010002
Chicago/Turabian StyleKay, Emma, Jessica Levick, Tawanda Machingura, and Stephen Bird. 2024. "Sensory Considerations for Emerging Textile Applications" Textiles 4, no. 1: 17-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles4010002
APA StyleKay, E., Levick, J., Machingura, T., & Bird, S. (2024). Sensory Considerations for Emerging Textile Applications. Textiles, 4(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/textiles4010002