Mental Health Screening for Korean Ukrainian Refugee Minors in the Republic of Korea: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Sample Size
2.3. Setting
2.4. Particpants
2.5. Assessments
2.5.1. Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen 7–17 Year Self-Check (CATS)
2.5.2. General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
2.5.3. Subjective Unit of Distress Scale (SUDs)
2.6. Procedure
2.7. Statistical Analyses
2.8. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Characteristics of Particpants
3.2. The Screening Results
3.3. The Result of CATS between Two Population Groups
3.4. The Result of GAD-7 and SUDs between Two Population Groups
4. Discussion
4.1. The Effect of Family Relationships
4.2. Stable Visa Status
4.3. Economic Development of the Host Country
4.4. Differences between Child and Teenage Refugees
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sub-Variables | n | % |
---|---|---|---|
Age | Children | 13 | 52 |
Teenagers | 12 | 48 | |
Gender | Male | 13 | 52 |
Female | 12 | 48 | |
Country of origin | Ukraine | 25 | 100 |
Ethnicity | Korean | 25 | 100 |
Length of stay since arrival | ≤ 1 month | 9 | 36 |
Between 2–6 months | 15 | 60 | |
More than 6 months | 1 | 4 | |
Level of proficiency in Korean language | Low | 24 | 96 |
Moderate | 1 | 4 | |
High | 0 | 0 |
Variables | Sub-Variables | M(SD) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Children (n = 13) | Teenage (n = 12) | Adolescences (n = 25) | ||
CATS (PSS) | Total | 1.78 (1.61) | 3.41 (3.17) | 2.56 (2.57) |
Re-experiencing | 0.49 (0.43) | 0.80 (0.65) | 0.64 (0.56) | |
Avoidance | 0.57 (0.67) | 0.95 (1.03) | 0.76 (0.86) | |
NACM | 0.37 (0.45) | 0.80 (0.79) | 0.58 (0.66) | |
Hyperarousal | 0.34 (0.50) | 0.84 (0.82) | 0.58 (0.71) | |
GAD-7 | 3.38 (3.64) | 5.25 (4.37) | 4.28 (4.03) | |
SUDs | 20.91 (21.19) | 39.17 (23.91) | 30.43 (24.02) |
Variables | Sub-Variables | Count (%) |
---|---|---|
CATS (PTEs) | Serious natural disaster | 3 (12%) |
Serious accident or injury | 4 (16%) | |
Robbed by threat | 2 (8%) | |
Abuse by family | 3 (12%) | |
Abuse by someone | 6 (24%) | |
Seeing someone in your family get abused | 3 (12%) | |
Seeing someone in your community get abused | 11 (44%) | |
Someone old touching your body | 1 (4%) | |
Someone forcing sex | 0 (0%) | |
Someone close to you dying suddenly or violently | 0 (0%) | |
Attacked, stabbed, shot at or hurt badly | 0 (0%) | |
Seeing someone attacked, stabbed, shot at, hurt badly or killed | 2 (8%) | |
Stressful of medical procedure | 6 (24%) | |
Being around war | 19 (76%) | |
Other events | 4 (16%) | |
CATS (psychosocial functionality) | Getting along with others | 5 (20%) |
Hobbies/Fun | 6 (24%) | |
School or work | 5 (20%) | |
Family relationship | 2 (8%) | |
General happiness | 8 (32%) |
Variables | Sub-Variables | M(SD) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Children (n= 13) | Teenagers (n= 12) | ||||
CATS (PSS) | Total | 1.78 (1.61) | 3.41 (3.17) | −1.59 | 0.130 |
Re-experiencing | 0.49 (0.43) | 0.80 (0.65) | −1.39 | 0.177 | |
Avoidance | 0.57 (0.67) | 0.95 (1.03) | −1.10 | 0.281 | |
NACM | 0.37 (0.45) | 0.80 (0.79) | −1.66 | 0.115 | |
Hyperarousal | 0.34 (0.50) | 0.84 (0.82) | −1.84 | 0.078 | |
CATS (PTEs) | Serious natural disaster | 1.77 (0.43) | 0.00 (0.00) | −1.89 | 0.082 |
Serious accident or injury | 1.69 (0.48) | 0.00 (0.00) | −2.30 * | 0.040 | |
Robbed by threat | 1.85 (0.37) | 0.00 (0.00) | −1.47 | 0.165 | |
Abuse by family | 1.83 (0.38) | 1.92 (0.28) | −0.59 | 0.557 | |
Abuse by someone | 1.77 (0.43) | 1.75 (0.45) | 0.10 | 0.915 | |
Seeing someone in your family get abused | 1.92 (0.27) | 1.83 (0.38) | 0.66 | 0.511 | |
Seeing someone in your community get abused | 1.77 (0.43) | 1.33 (0.49) | 2.34 * | 0.028 | |
Someone old touching your body | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.92 (0.28) | 1.00 | 0.339 | |
Someone forcing sex | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | - | - | |
Someone close to you dying suddenly or violently | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | - | - | |
Attacked, stabbed, shot at or hurt badly | 0.00 (0.00) | 0.00 (0.00) | - | - | |
Seeing someone attacked, stabbed, shot at, hurt badly | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.83 (0.38) | 1.48 | 0.166 | |
Stressful of medical procedure | 1.77 (0.43) | 1.75 (0.45) | 0.10 | 0.915 | |
Being around war | 1.15 (0.37) | 1.33 (0.49) | −1.01 | 0.320 | |
Other events | 1.69 (0.48) | 0.00 (0.00) | −2.30 * | 0.040 | |
CATS (psychosocial functionality) | Getting along with others | 1.69 (0.48) | 1.91 (0.30) | −1.34 | 0.194 |
Hobbies/Fun | 1.69 (0.48) | 1.82 (0.40) | −0.68 | 0.500 | |
School or work | 1.69 (0.48) | 1.91 (0.30) | −1.34 | 0.194 | |
Family relationship | 1.85 (0.37) | 0.00 (0.00) | −1.47 | 0.165 | |
General happiness | 1.69 (0.48) | 1.64 (0.50) | 0.27 | 0.784 |
Variables | M(SD) | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Children (n= 13) | Teenagers (n= 12) | |||
GAD-7 | 3.38 (3.64) | 5.25 (4.37) | −1.16 | 0.257 |
SUDs | 20.91 (21.19) | 39.17 (23.91) | −1.93 | 0.067 |
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Park, S.; Lee, J.S.; Kim, H.-J.; Lee, H.; Lee, M.; Kim, S.-Y.; Choi, H. Mental Health Screening for Korean Ukrainian Refugee Minors in the Republic of Korea: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study. Adolescents 2023, 3, 141-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3010011
Park S, Lee JS, Kim H-J, Lee H, Lee M, Kim S-Y, Choi H. Mental Health Screening for Korean Ukrainian Refugee Minors in the Republic of Korea: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study. Adolescents. 2023; 3(1):141-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3010011
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Sejeong, Jenny Seongryung Lee, Hye-Jung Kim, Hojung Lee, Myungjoo Lee, Soo-Yeon Kim, and Han Choi. 2023. "Mental Health Screening for Korean Ukrainian Refugee Minors in the Republic of Korea: A Cross Sectional Pilot Study" Adolescents 3, no. 1: 141-152. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents3010011