The Fall and Rise of Identified Reference Collection: It Is Possible and Necessary to Transition from a Typological Conceptualization of Variation to Effective Utilization of Collections
Abstract
:1. Introduction and Background
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Fordisc and Discriminant Function Analysis
2.2. AncesTrees and Howells’ Data
2.3. Test Samples
2.4. Measurements and Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source/Group | BF | BM | WF | WM | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Terry Collection | 20 | 20 | 8 | 17 | 65 |
Coimbra Collection | 20 | 20 | 40 | ||
Total | 20 | 20 | 28 | 37 | 105 |
Maximum cranial length (GOL) | The distance of Glabella from opisthocranion in the mid-sagittal plane in a straight line; measured with spreading caliper |
Maximum cranial breadth (XCB) | The maximum width of the skull perpendicular to the mid-sagittal plane wherever it is located with the exception of the inferior temporal line and the immediate area surrounding the latter; measured with spreading caliper |
Bizygomatic breadth (ZYB) | The direct distance between both zygia located at their most lateral points of the zygomatic arches; measured with sliding caliper |
Basion-bregma height (BBH) | The direct distance from the lowest point on the anterior margin of the foramen magnum, basion, to bregma; measured with spreading caliper |
Cranial base length (BNL) | The direct distance from nasion to basion; measured with spreading caliper |
Basion-prosthion length (BPL) | The direct distance from basion to prosthion; measured with spreading caliper or sliding caliper |
Maxillo-alveolar breadth (MAB) | The maximum breadth across the alveolar borders of the maxilla measured on the lateral surfaces at the location of the second maxillary molars; measured with spreading caliper |
Upper facial height * (UFHT) | The direct distance from nasion to prosthion; measured with sliding caliper |
Minimum frontal breadth (WFB) | The direct distance between the two frontotemporale; measured with sliding caliper |
Fordisc 3.0 | Fordisc 3.1 | Fordisc 3.1 | AncesTrees | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reference Sample | FDB * | FDB * | Howells | Howells |
Statistical Approach | Discriminant Function | Discriminant Function | Discriminant Function | Random Forest |
Matches Documentation | 50% | 47% | 36% | 37% |
Correct Allocations | Race Only | Sex Only | Both Race and Sex |
---|---|---|---|
Fordisc 3.0 | 50% | 73% | 40% |
Fordisc 3.1 | 47% | 75% | 39% |
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Albanese, J.; Dagdag, A.; Skalic, C.; Osley, S.; Cardoso, H. The Fall and Rise of Identified Reference Collection: It Is Possible and Necessary to Transition from a Typological Conceptualization of Variation to Effective Utilization of Collections. Forensic Sci. 2022, 2, 438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2020033
Albanese J, Dagdag A, Skalic C, Osley S, Cardoso H. The Fall and Rise of Identified Reference Collection: It Is Possible and Necessary to Transition from a Typological Conceptualization of Variation to Effective Utilization of Collections. Forensic Sciences. 2022; 2(2):438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2020033
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlbanese, John, Abegail Dagdag, Carmen Skalic, Stephanie Osley, and Hugo Cardoso. 2022. "The Fall and Rise of Identified Reference Collection: It Is Possible and Necessary to Transition from a Typological Conceptualization of Variation to Effective Utilization of Collections" Forensic Sciences 2, no. 2: 438-454. https://doi.org/10.3390/forensicsci2020033