Incorporating Environmental Impacts into Short-Term Mine Planning: A Literature Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Research Tools
2.1. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
- (1)
- Deficiency and uncertainty of data: LCA is a data-intensive framework and is dependent on the geography, data quality, and data availability [17]. Data collection can be assumed to be the main challenge in implementing LCA [18]. In LCA, data and methods are subject to uncertainty, and estimations are always susceptible to underestimating the actual case. The availability of databases with sophisticated LCI is crucial for extending and expanding studies on the environmental impact of mining activities. LCA studies in the mining sector are limited by the availability and reliability of data [19]. For instance, LCA studies in the mining and minerals sector overlook processing stages due to scarcity of data [20].
- (2)
- Lack of a unique systematic information exchange process [21].
- (3)
- The ambiguity in producing multiple metals at a single mine site causes challenges in precisely determining the environmental impacts based on unit functions.
- (4)
- Arbitrariness in selection of functional unit and boundaries: Variations in choosing the functional unit, weighting factors, and boundaries in different studies can lead to methodological inconsistencies in LCA [22].
- (5)
- Ambiguity of results and interpretations: It is possible for the results of LCA to differ depending on the methodology used to evaluate the environmental impact.
- (6)
- Limited awareness of LCA methodology [23].
- (7)
- Lack of expertise and resources.
- (8)
- Lack of usefulness in dynamic and complex activities [24].
2.2. Short-Term Mine Planning
2.3. Multi-Objective Optimization
Application of MOO with Environmental Concern in Other Industries
3. Framework for Incorporating Environmental Impacts into Mine Planning
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
STMP | Short-Term Mine Planning |
GHG | Greenhouse Gas |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
MAC | Mining Association of Canada |
EIA | Environmental Impact Assessments |
UNFCCC | United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change |
LCA | Life Cycle Assessment |
LCI | Life Cycle Inventory |
LCIA | Life Cycle Impact Assessment |
ANN | Artificial Neural Network |
MOO | Multi-Objective Optimization Tool |
LP | Linear Programming |
NLP | Non-Linear Programming |
MIP | Mixed-Integer Programming |
GA | Genetic Algorithms |
PSO | Particle Swarm Optimization |
ANO | Ant Colony Optimization |
BPEO | Best Practicable Environmental Option |
FMS | Flexible Manufacturing System |
AGV | Automated Guided Vehicle |
NBT | Noise Barrier Tunnels |
HVAC | Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning |
OEMs | Original Equipment Manufacturers |
MCDM | Multi-Criteria Decision Making |
NPV | Net Present Value |
PM | Particulate Matter |
CAT | Carbon Price Taxes |
EEO | Energy Efficiency Opportunity |
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Rahnema, M.; Amirmoeini, B.; Moradi Afrapoli, A. Incorporating Environmental Impacts into Short-Term Mine Planning: A Literature Survey. Mining 2023, 3, 163-175. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining3010010
Rahnema M, Amirmoeini B, Moradi Afrapoli A. Incorporating Environmental Impacts into Short-Term Mine Planning: A Literature Survey. Mining. 2023; 3(1):163-175. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining3010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahnema, Milad, Bahar Amirmoeini, and Ali Moradi Afrapoli. 2023. "Incorporating Environmental Impacts into Short-Term Mine Planning: A Literature Survey" Mining 3, no. 1: 163-175. https://doi.org/10.3390/mining3010010