Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Increased in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Blood Sample Collection
2.2. Serum TRP Metabolite Measurements
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Concentrations of Serum TRP Metabolites in Hematological Malignant Tumors
3.2. Differences in the Concentrations of TRP Metabolites According to Diagnostic Categories
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Total | n = 157 |
---|---|
Age | 67 (15–93) |
males | 94 (60%) |
Tryptophan (µM) | 45.84 (8.94 3–91.06) |
Kynurenine (µM) | 2.00 (0.44–23.57) |
Kynurenic acid (nM) | 32.98 (3.65–1498.91) |
Anthranilic acid (nM) | 74.89 (0.37–943.19) |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (nM) | 3.19 (0.33–50.48) |
Kynurenine/Tryptophan ratio | 0.047 (0.017–0.473) |
Kynurenic acid/Kynurenine ratio | 16.34 (1.59–374.52) |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid/Kynurenine ratio | 1.64 (0.10–14.45) |
Anthranilic acid/Kynurenine ratio | 35.2 (0.19–687.05) |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid/Anthranilic acid ratio | 0.041 (0.001–2.277) |
Gender | Age | p | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
males (n = 94) | females (n = 63) | p | <60 (n = 42) | ≧60 (n = 115) | ||
TRP (µM) | 47.46 (15.63–88.62) | 41.43 (8.94–91.06) | <0.001 | 47.49 (20.61–91.06) | 45.83 (8.94–88.62) | 0.679 |
KYN (µM) | 2.10 (0.71–23.57) | 1.82 (0.44–10.34) | 0.083 | 1.71 (0.44–4.84) | 2.11 (0.60–23.57) | 0.025 |
KYNA (nM) | 34.37 (3.65–1498.91) | 32.25 (13.36–278.09) | 0.368 | 29.58 (11.05–272.58) | 35.84 (3.65–1498.91) | 0.034 |
AA (nM) | 78.04 (5.90–943.19) | 70.12 (0.37–583.99) | 0.933 | 64.15 (0.37–391.07) | 76.92 (12.16–943.19) | 0.237 |
3-HAA (nM) | 3.29 (0.27–50.48) | 2.78 (0.33–20.95) | 0.226 | 2.58 (0.33–13.43) | 3.49 (0.27–50.48) | 0.003 |
KYN/TRP | 0.04 (0.02–0.47) | 0.05 (0.02–0.35) | 0.727 | 0.04 (0.02–0.16) | 0.05 (0.02–0.47) | 0.011 |
KYNA/KYN | 15.77 (1.59–374.52) | 16.61 (6.59–110.33) | 0.404 | 16.12 (5.42–304.55) | 16.48 (1.59–374.52) | 0.736 |
3-HAA/KYN | 1.72 (0.19–14.45) | 1.53 (0.10–8.19) | 0.658 | 1.50 (0.10–9.44) | 1.72 (0.10–14.45) | 0.078 |
AA/KYN | 32.13 (4.14–628.80) | 41.84 (0.19–687.05) | 0.220 | 43.81 (0.19–269.59) | 33.02 (4.60–687.05) | 0.687 |
3-HAA/AA | 0.049 (0.001–2.277) | 0.034 (0.002–1.000) | 0.300 | 0.028 (0.002–2.277) | 0.049 (0.001–1.059) | 0.187 |
Diagnosis | AML (n = 25) | MDS (n = 19) | MM (n = 24) | DLBCL (n = 65) | FL (n = 24) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 63 (17–83) | 72 (15–89) | 67 (45–87) | 70 (27 93) | 63 (49–83) | 0.064 * |
Males | 16 (64%) | 14 (74%) | 11 (46%) | 41 (63%) | 11 (46%) | 0.30 ** |
Tryptophan (µM) | 50.9 (20.61–79.07) | 50.34 (17.51–67.81) | 37.95 (8.94–63.26) | 42.96 (15.63–88.62) | 46.06 (22.02–91.06) | 0.012 * |
Kynurenine (µM) | 1.68 (0.84–4.09) | 3.03 (1.36–23.57) | 1.44 (0.85–11.53) | 2.12 (0.60–8.24) | 2.26 (0.44–2.91) | <0.01* |
Kynurenic acid (nM) | 35.3 (14.38–86.52) | 39.06 (15.21–1498.91) | 26.22 (4.00–278.09) | 32.87 (12.72–344.56) | 32.29 (3.65–53.83) | 0.17 * |
Anthranilic acid (nM) | 46.78 (14.85–943.19) | 63.23 (0.37–385.80) | 59.97 (18.99–583.99) | 95.72 (5.90–639.49) | 47.53 (11.90–391.07) | 0.52 * |
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid (nM) | 2.38 (0.41–13.07) | 3.04 (0.37–50.48) | 2.18 (0.27–10.59) | 3.44 (0.33–23.34) | 4.36 (0.61–24.99) | 0.021 * |
KYN/TRP | 0.03 (0.02–0.09) | 0.05 (0.03–0.37) | 0.04 (0.02–0.35) | 0.05 (0.02–0.47) | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 0.052 * |
KYNA/KYN | 18.62 (5.97–37.49) | 15.57 (5.42–63.58) | 16.40 (3.63–304.55) | 16.24 (5.00–374.52) | 16.35 (1.59–110.33) | 0.43 * |
3-HAA/KYN | 1.17 (0.26–7.67) | 1.68 (0.19–4.39) | 1.32 (0.25–5.15) | 1.72 (0.10–14.45) | 1.92 (0.26–11.04) | 0.39 * |
AA/KYN | 27.91 (9.20–628.80) | 20.66 (0.19–94.30) | 35.09 (7.17–687.05) | 46.51 (4.14–255.54) | 29.33 (5.01–1500.85) | 0.013 * |
3-HAA/AA | 0.042 (0.001–0.577) | 0.057 (0.007–1.000) | 0.037 (0.004–0.495) | 0.036 (0.002–2.277) | 0.082 (0.007–1.059) | 0.54 * |
Diagnosis | AML (n = 25) | MDS (n = 19) | p |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 59 (17–83) | 67 (15–89) | 0.144 |
Males | 16 (64%) | 14 (74%) | 0.53 |
Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.7 (0.1–1.3) | 0.9 (0.3–2.8) | 0.33 |
Aspartate transaminase (IU/L) | 23 (11–55) | 23 (6–49) | 0.983 |
Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L) | 22 (6–49) | 20 (5–66) | 0.684 |
Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 300 (131–797) | 281 (122–517) | 0.715 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.81 (1.57–0.40) | 1.15 (0.44–5.50) | 0.155 |
Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL) | 16.5 (6.6–37.2) | 15.9 (5.2–25.4) | 0.769 |
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Yamaguchi, K.; Ninomiya, S.; Matsumoto, T.; Nakamura, N.; Nakamura, H.; Kitagawa, J.; Kanemura, N.; Hara, T.; Fujigaki, S.; Yamamoto, Y.; et al. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Increased in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients. Hemato 2020, 1, 77-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato1020011
Yamaguchi K, Ninomiya S, Matsumoto T, Nakamura N, Nakamura H, Kitagawa J, Kanemura N, Hara T, Fujigaki S, Yamamoto Y, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Increased in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients. Hemato. 2020; 1(2):77-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato1020011
Chicago/Turabian StyleYamaguchi, Kimihiro, Soranobu Ninomiya, Takuro Matsumoto, Nobuhiko Nakamura, Hiroshi Nakamura, Junichi Kitagawa, Nobuhiro Kanemura, Takeshi Hara, Suwako Fujigaki, Yasuko Yamamoto, and et al. 2020. "Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity Is Increased in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Patients" Hemato 1, no. 2: 77-85. https://doi.org/10.3390/hemato1020011