Local Communities’ Perceptions of Tourism Planning in Natural Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Sustainable Development Planning in Tourism
2.2. Tourism Impacts on Local Communities
2.3. Relationship between National Parks and Local Communities
2.4. Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism Development—Development of Research Questions
- What is the perception of the local community about the impact of tourism?
- Does the local community support the sustainable development of tourism and want to be part of its planning and development?
- Are there any differences in observed tourism impacts and tourism development support among residents with different socio-demographic characteristics?
3. Methodology
3.1. A Case Study Area
3.2. Study Sample
3.3. Profile of the Surveyed Residents
3.4. Data Collection, Sampling Procedure, and Data Analysis Techniques
4. Results
4.1. Factor Analysis of the Attitude of Local Communities towards the Tourism Development Impacts
4.2. Local Communities’ Perceptions toward TIAS’s Factors
4.3. Results of Independent Samples t-Test
4.4. ANOVA—One-Way Analysis of Variance Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Perception of the Local Community on Tourism Impact and Support for Further Development
5.2. Community Participation in Tourism Planning and Development
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Frequency (Percent) | Employment Status | Frequency (Percent) |
---|---|---|---|
Male | 264 (45.5%) | Student | 64 (11.0%) |
Female | 316 (54.5%) | Employed | 404 (69.7%) |
Age range | Average age | Unemployed | 94 (16.2%) |
15–72 | 34 | Pupil | 6 (1.0%) |
Retiree | 4 (0.7%) | ||
Housewife | 8 (1.4%) | ||
Education | Frequency (Percent) | Income | Frequency (Percent) |
Elementary school | 2 (0.3%) | Less than average (450€) | 278 (47.9%) |
High school | 178 (30.7%) | Average | 142 (24.5%) |
College | 156 (26.9%) | More than average | 160 (27.6%) |
University | 172 (29.7%) | ||
Master Degree | 64 (11.0%) | ||
PhD | 8 (1.4%) |
Items | Mean | Standard Deviation (S.D.) | Support for Tourism Development (α = 0.95) (Mean = 3.56) | Negative Impacts of Tourism Development (α = 0.85) Mean (2.70) | Personal and Community Benefits (α = 0.85) Mean (2.49) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
The development of tourism in my place will provide more opportunities for employment for the local population. | 3.83 | 1.47 | 0.876 | ||
The municipality should make tourism a priority. | 2.96 | 1.65 | 0.872 | ||
The municipality’s government is appropriate in supporting the promotion of tourism. | 4.00 | 1.45 | 0.859 | ||
Tara National Park should become more of a tourist destination (for domestic and foreign tourists). | 2.96 | 1.60 | 0.839 | ||
Tourism in Tara National Park should be actively encouraged. | 3.74 | 1.49 | 0.836 | ||
A major role in the economy of the community should be played by tourism development. | 4.09 | 1.45 | 0.790 | ||
Government officials’ long-term planning can control tourism’s negative impacts on the environment. | 3.04 | 1.52 | 0.788 | ||
Visitors are welcome, and they have a positive impact on my place. | 2.78 | 1.50 | 0.781 | ||
In the future, tourism will have a leading economic role in my place. | 3.30 | 1.58 | 0.671 | ||
The community should stimulate the more intensive building of tourist facilities. | 3.39 | 1.40 | 0.649 | ||
Tourism provides various employment opportunities for locals. | 2.21 | 1.37 | 0.631 | ||
Mainly, the benefits of tourism development outweigh the negative impacts. | 1.93 | 1.21 | 0.626 | ||
The existing tourist activities create noise that has a negative impact on life in my place. | 3.02 | 1.50 | 0.883 | ||
The increased number of visitors is the reason for the rising amount of trash at my place. | 3.38 | 1.53 | 0.794 | ||
There is a negative impact of tourism on the environment. | 3.90 | 1.43 | 0.786 | ||
I am opposed to new tourism facilities that will attract more visitors to Tara National Park. | 3.87 | 1.41 | 0.720 | ||
The possibilities for recreation outdoors in my place are reduced due to tourism. | 2.32 | 1.48 | 0.710 | ||
The crime rate is higher because of tourism. | 2.21 | 1.35 | 0.574 | ||
Because of the development of tourism, the quality of public services (health care, water supply, cleanliness, fire protection…) in my place has improved. | 2.41 | 1.48 | 0.838 | ||
Due to tourism, my community has better roads. | 2.64 | 1.54 | 0.807 | ||
Tourism created more possibilities for recreation (playgrounds for children, new sports fields, swimming pools…). | 3.25 | 1.43 | 0.760 | ||
Tourism has created better shopping opportunities in my community. | 2.84 | 1.48 | 0.689 | ||
Tourism has provided me with more money. | 3.29 | 1.49 | 0.664 |
TIAS Factors | Mean | SD | Level of Agreement in % |
---|---|---|---|
Support for tourism development | 3.56 | 1.17 | 71 |
Negative impacts of tourism development | 2.70 | 1.11 | 54 |
Personal and community benefits | 2.49 | 1.15 | 50 |
Male | Female | ||
---|---|---|---|
Support for Tourism Development | Mean | 3.48 | 3.63 |
F | 21.559 | ||
p | 0.000 * | ||
Negative impacts of tourism development | Mean | 2.63 | 2.76 |
F | 0.965 | ||
p | 0.326 | ||
Personal and community benefits | Mean | 2.50 | 2.47 |
F | 12.077 | ||
p | 0.001 * |
Factors/Domains | F-Value | LSD Post-Hoc Test |
---|---|---|
Support for Tourism Development | 3.700 * | 6 > 3, 4, 5 |
Negative impacts of tourism development | 3.597 * | 4, 5 > 2, 3 |
Personal and community benefits | 0.825 | / |
Factors/Domains | F-Value | LSD Post-Hoc Test |
---|---|---|
Support for Tourism Development | 0.919 | / |
Negative impacts of tourism development | 4.229 * | 1 > 3 |
Personal and community benefits | 0.986 | / |
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Obradović, S.; Tešin, A. Local Communities’ Perceptions of Tourism Planning in Natural Areas. Tour. Hosp. 2023, 4, 336-354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020021
Obradović S, Tešin A. Local Communities’ Perceptions of Tourism Planning in Natural Areas. Tourism and Hospitality. 2023; 4(2):336-354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020021
Chicago/Turabian StyleObradović, Sanja, and Aleksandra Tešin. 2023. "Local Communities’ Perceptions of Tourism Planning in Natural Areas" Tourism and Hospitality 4, no. 2: 336-354. https://doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp4020021