Compassion Fatigue in Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Caregivers: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Coping Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Participants
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Compassion Fatigue
3.2. Factors Influencing Compassion Fatigue
3.3. Coping Mechanisms and Support Programs
4. Discussion
4.1. Institution Type
4.2. Prevalence and Symptoms of CF in Chimpanzee Caregivers
4.3. Coping Mechanisms and Support Programs
4.4. Future Directions and Limitations
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Sanctuary n (%) | Zoo n (%) |
---|---|---|
Total respondents (N = 123) | 35 (28.46) | 88 (71.54) |
Gender | ||
Female | 32 (91.43) | 74 (84.09) |
Male | 3 (8.57) | 14 (15.91) |
Non-binary | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Prefer to self-describe | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Age | ||
18–25 | 11 (31.43) | 12 (13.64) |
26–35 | 19 (54.29) | 53 (60.23) |
36–45 | 1 (2.86) | 18 (20.45) |
46–55 | 2 (5.71) | 3 (3.41) |
55–65 | 2 (5.71) | 2 (2.27) |
>65 | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Variable | Sanctuary n (%) | Zoo n (%) |
---|---|---|
Have you ever experienced CF? | ||
Yes | 31 (88.57) | 81 (92.05) |
No | 1 (2.86) | 3 (3.41) |
Unsure | 3 (8.57) | 4 (4.55) |
Chimpanzee experience | ||
0–5 years | 25 (71.43) | 52 (59.09) |
6–10 years | 3 (8.57) | 23 (26.14) |
11–15 years | 4 (11.43) | 5 (5.68) |
16–20 years | 3 (8.57) | 5 (5.68) |
>20 years | 0 (0) | 3 (3.41) |
Current position | ||
0–5 years | 31 (88.57) | 56 (63.64) |
6–10 years | 2 (5.71) | 21 (23.86) |
11–15 years | 2 (5.71) | 4 (4.55) |
16–20 years | 0 (0) | 3 (3.41) |
>20 years | 0 (0) | 4 (4.55) |
Which procedures to you regularly perform? | ||
Training | 28 (80) | 83 (94.32) |
Feeding | 31 (88.57) | 87 (98.86) |
Shifting | 30 (85.71) | 85 (96.59) |
Cleaning | 33 (94.29) | 88 (100) |
Preparing enrichment | 23 (65.71) | 87 (98.86 |
Research | 4 (11.43) | 34 (38.64) |
Routine vet procedures | 6 (17.14) | 52 (59.09) |
How Often Do You Feel: | Institution | Always | Often | Sometimes | Rarely | Never | n |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
That you are understaffed at work | Sanctuary ** | 54.29 | 37.14 | 2.86 | 5.71 | 0 | 35 |
Zoo ** | 22.73 | 37.50 | 35.23 | 4.55 | 0 | 88 | |
Compassion fatigue negatively affects your ability to do your job | Sanctuary | 5.71 | 22.86 | 48.57 | 20.00 | 2.86 | 35 |
Zoo | 1.14 | 19.32 | 47.73 | 22.73 | 9.09 | 88 | |
Compassion fatigue has led you to feel apathetic towards your job | Sanctuary | 5.71 | 31.43 | 40.00 | 20.00 | 2.86 | 35 |
Zoo | 1.14 | 31.82 | 46.59 | 14.77 | 5.68 | 88 | |
Stressed at work | Sanctuary | 25.71 | 60.00 | 11.43 | 2.86 | 0.00 | 35 |
Zoo | 12.64 | 49.43 | 26.44 | 10.34 | 1.15 | 87 | |
Comfortable discussing your feelings in your place of work | Sanctuary | 0.00 | 8.57 | 40.00 | 37.14 | 14.29 | 35 |
Zoo | 9.09 | 19.32 | 36.36 | 26.14 | 9.09 | 88 | |
Comfortable discussing concerns you have regarding your work or animals in your care with your supervisors | Sanctuary * | 5.71 | 42.86 | 34.29 | 14.29 | 2.86 | 35 |
Zoo * | 23.86 | 27.27 | 19.32 | 21.59 | 7.95 | 88 | |
There is good communication between you and your supervisors | Sanctuary | 5.71 | 31.43 | 37.14 | 25.71 | 0.00 | 35 |
Zoo | 9.09 | 36.36 | 28.41 | 21.59 | 4.55 | 88 | |
Your workplace encourages employees to balance their professional lives and personal lives | Sanctuary | 8.57 | 22.86 | 28.57 | 22.86 | 17.14 | 35 |
Zoo | 6.90 | 16.09 | 29.89 | 33.33 | 13.79 | 87 | |
You blame yourself for the suffering of an animal or group of animals in your care | Sanctuary | 5.71 | 22.86 | 37.14 | 31.43 | 2.86 | 35 |
Zoo | 2.30 | 18.39 | 41.38 | 25.29 | 12.64 | 87 | |
You alone are responsible for the well-being of an animal or groups of animals in your care | Sanctuary | 11.43 | 17.14 | 25.71 | 28.57 | 17.14 | 35 |
Zoo | 14.77 | 18.18 | 21.59 | 32.95 | 12.50 | 88 |
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Leinwand, J.G.; Vale, G.L. Compassion Fatigue in Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Caregivers: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Coping Mechanisms. J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2024, 5, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg5010001
Leinwand JG, Vale GL. Compassion Fatigue in Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Caregivers: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Coping Mechanisms. Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2024; 5(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg5010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeinwand, Jesse G., and Gillian L. Vale. 2024. "Compassion Fatigue in Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) Caregivers: Prevalence, Contributing Factors, and Coping Mechanisms" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 5, no. 1: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg5010001