Effects of Sex and Whole Life Cycle UVB Irradiation on Performance and Mineral and Vitamin D3 Contents in Feeder Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Approval
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Sample Processing
2.4. Nutritional Analyses
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Parameters
3.2. Vitamin D3
3.3. Mineral Content, Dry and Wet Mass
3.4. Cricket Performance
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | UVi Min-max (Mean) across Experiment | Temperature Range (Mean) across Experiment (°C) | Humidity Range (Mean) across Experiment (%RH) | Mass Crickets Produced (g) | Total Mass Food Consumed (g) | Total Mass Waste Produced (g) | Sex | Mean Mass (g) | Standard Deviation of Mass |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UV− | 0–0 | 21.6–40 (27.8) | 29–75 (48.8) | 884 | 12,293 | 2607 | M | 0.78 | 0.14 |
F | 1.24 | 0.12 | |||||||
UV+ | 8.5–9 | 20.1–38 (28.06) | 30–78 (50.2) | 1790 | 12,908 | 2644 | M | 0.71 | 0.10 |
F | 1.00 | 0.23 |
Response | Variable | Test Statistic | p | Direction of Effect | Effect Size (Partial Eta Squared) | Group Means (SDs) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wet mass | Sex | F1,75 = 185.10 | <0.001 | Males < Females | 0.71 | Male: 0.76 (0.18) g Female: 1.18 (0.19) g |
Treatment | F1,75 = 7.43 | 0.01 | UV− < UV+ | 0.09 | UV−: 1.00 (0.28) g UV+: 0.90 (0.28) g | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,75 = 2.04 | 0.14 | - | N/A | - | |
Dry mass | Sex | F2,32 = 421.10 | <0.001 | Males < Females | 0.93 | Male: 0.21 (0.03) g Female: 0.41 (0.04) g |
Treatment | F2,32 = 8.81 | 0.01 | UV− < UV+ | 0.21 | UV−: 0.64 (0.22) g UV+: 0.59 (0.21) g | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.060 | 0.36 | - | N/A | - | |
Calcium | Sex | F2,32 = 114.60 | <0.001 | Males < Females | 0.77 | Male: 891.6 (172.8) mg/kg Female: 1575.6 (210.8) mg/kg |
Treatment | F2,32 = 0.62 | 0.44 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.05 | 0.36 | - | N/A | - | |
Phosphorus | Sex | F2,32 = 145.87 | <0.001 | Males < Females | 0.82 | Male: 7332.6 (498.6) mg/kg Female: 9691.5 (688.6) mg/kg |
Treatment | F2,32 = 0.89 | 0.35 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.64 | 0.21 | - | N/A | - | |
Ca:P | Sex | F1,32 = 145.87 | <0.001 | Males < Females | 0.49 | Male: 0.12 (0.02) Female: 0.16 (0.02) |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.38 | 0.54 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.54 | 0.23 | - | N/A | - | |
Aluminium | Sex | F1,32 = 3.18 | 0.08 | - | N/A | Overall mean: 12.98 mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.10 | 0.75 | - | N/A | ||
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 0.39 | 0.68 | - | N/A | ||
Sulphur | Sex | F1,32 = 26.90 | <0.001 | Males > Females | 0.46 | Male: 4795.9 (287.2) mg/kg Females: 4330.1 (288.5) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 2.43 | 0.13 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.70 | 0.20 | - | N/A | - | |
Zinc | Sex | F1,32 = 35.53 | <0.001 | Males > Females | 0.52 | Male: 136.7 (21.2) mg/kg Females: 106.2 (16.7) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.47 | 0.5 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.31 | 0.28 | - | N/A | - | |
Copper | Sex | F1,32 = 274.62 | <0.001 | Males > Females | 0.90 | Male: 18.5 (1.6) mg/kg Females: 10.8 (1.2) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.33 | 0.89 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 1.37 | 0.27 | - | N/A | - | |
Potassium | Sex | F1,32 = 6.37 | 0.02 | Females > Males | 0.17 | Male: 8789.2 (673.6) mg/kg Females: 9242.7 (536.8) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 3.17 | 0.07 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 3.19 | 0.06 | - | N/A | - | |
Iron | Sex | F1,32 = 14.03 | <0.001 | Males > Females | 0.30 | Male: 54.57 (10.12) mg/kg Females: 45.01 (5.03) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 2.56 | 0.12 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 0.99 | 0.38 | - | N/A | - | |
Manganese | Sex | F1,32 = 0.02 | 0.882 | - | N/A | Overall mean: 21.01 mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 2.00 | 0.17 | - | N/A | ||
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 0.58 | 0.57 | - | N/A | ||
Sodium | Sex | F1,32 = 0.49 | 0.49 | - | N/A | Overall mean: 3342.96 mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.88 | 0.36 | - | N/A | ||
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 3.12 | 0.06 | - | N/A | ||
Magnesium | Sex | F1,32 = 96.89 | <0.001 | Females > Males | 0.75 | Male: 728.54 (51.47) mg/kg Females: 956.36 (83.83) mg/kg |
Treatment | F1,32 = 0.76 | 0.39 | - | N/A | - | |
Box (Treatment) | F2,32 = 0.76 | 0.48 | - | N/A | - |
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Michaels, C.J.; Ferguson, A.; Newton-Youens, J.; Harland, R.; Hickles, R. Effects of Sex and Whole Life Cycle UVB Irradiation on Performance and Mineral and Vitamin D3 Contents in Feeder Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). J. Zool. Bot. Gard. 2022, 3, 488-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3030036
Michaels CJ, Ferguson A, Newton-Youens J, Harland R, Hickles R. Effects of Sex and Whole Life Cycle UVB Irradiation on Performance and Mineral and Vitamin D3 Contents in Feeder Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus). Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens. 2022; 3(3):488-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3030036
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichaels, Christopher J., Amanda Ferguson, Jade Newton-Youens, Robert Harland, and Ross Hickles. 2022. "Effects of Sex and Whole Life Cycle UVB Irradiation on Performance and Mineral and Vitamin D3 Contents in Feeder Crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus)" Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens 3, no. 3: 488-498. https://doi.org/10.3390/jzbg3030036