Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission through Energy-Saving Technologies for Heating Modular Buildings †
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
2
Department of Heating and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
3
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the Innovations-Sustainability-Modernity-Openness Conference (ISMO’21), Bialystok, Poland, 14 May 2021.
Environ. Sci. Proc. 2021, 9(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009010
Published: 15 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of Innovations-Sustainability-Modernity-Openness Conference (ISMO’21))
Abstract
:Providing housing with the possibility of rapid construction, with life support systems of the house that allow for the maintenance of comfortable living conditions for those who choose to live there.
1. Introduction
The scope of the proposed design-construction is the means of providing housing with the possibility of rapid placement of the building on the territory, with life support systems of the house that allow for the maintenance of comfortable living conditions.
Modular buildings are structures that are erected in a short time with the help of ready-made modules that are installed on site without the use of large equipment. Characterized by simplicity and speed of installation [1,2], these structures are not inferior to traditional brick or concrete buildings in strength and durability. Due to the peculiarities of technology and the use of insulating materials, such structures are lightweight, allowing for their installation on almost any basis; they do not require a strong foundation. This type of building can be both temporary and permanent. Suburban buildings are becoming an ideal place for private recreation, hostels, military bases, and medical and observation complexes. One of the main advantages of modular buildings is that they take a short amount of time to construct; the necessary modules are manufactured in factories and assembled directly on site. Houses created using modular technology have the best characteristics of thermal protection [3]. The use of modern materials in the construction of modular buildings in the future will reduce the cost of insulation, while maintaining thermal comfort [4].
2. Materials and Methods
In order to reduce operating costs [5,6] and increase the comfort of the room [7], sandwich panels are used, in which a layer of insulation is attached to the load-bearing part of the structure by adhesive and mechanical means [3]. The wall sandwich panel is a three-layer construction which is made of two metal sheets and a heat-insulating filler.
Advantages of sandwich panels include environmental friendliness, hygiene, safety, ease of transportation, high heat and sound insulation, and quick installation and/or repair of buildings. Construction is also carried out at any time of the year to reduce the load on the metal structure and foundation.
The dimensions of the module-cottage are: length-7.5 m; width-5 m and consists of three rooms with an area of 12.5 m2 each (Figure 1). The height of the module is 3 m. The module is also equipped with a technological unit with an area of 5 m2, which houses equipment for heating, hot water supply and a ventilation system. It also includes energy-saving double-glazed windows, with an area of 1.5 m2 (WxH = 1 × 1.5 m).
3. Computations and Results
This design is tested for condensation in the protection layer. Based on the obtained graphs (Figure 2), the possibility of condensation of water vapor in the protection layer of the house is excluded. For the proposed construction of the building and taking into account its overall dimensions, the thermal characteristics will be equal to Table 2. Further calculations were performed for the city of Lviv in the RETScreen Expert software package. For this region, climatological data are shown in Table 3.
The analysis of energy consumption of the offered house for two variants is carried out. In the first option (base case) heat supply of a residential building was carried out only with the help of a gas boiler. In the second option (proposed case) energy saving systems were used: solar air heating [6,7], recuperator [8,9], solar water heater and photovoltaic panels [10].
4. Conclusions
- The possibility of using modular buildings for residential and public needs is considered. Due to the peculiarities of technology and the use of thermal insulation materials, such structures are erected in a short time with the help of ready-made modules, which are characterized by simplicity and speed of installation.
- Condensation of water vapor in the protection layer of the house was checked.
- The comparative analysis of energy consumption for two variants of heat supply of the modular house is carried out.
- The total annual reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is obtained, taking into account the proposed method of heat supply of the building.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Authors’ archive.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support for this Author Contributions: work from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland under grant No. WZ/WB-IIS/1/2019 of Bialystok University of Technology.
References
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Figure 1.
Construction of a modular residential building.
Figure 2.
Monthly chart of saturated water vapor for the winter period of the year.
Figure 3.
Fuel consumption for two comparison options: base case and proposed case.
Figure 4.
Energy consumption of a residential building for the proposed option.
Figure 5.
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions for the baseline and the proposed option of heating a residential building.
Figure 5.
Comparison of greenhouse gas emissions for the baseline and the proposed option of heating a residential building.
Table 1.
The parameters of used insulation material.
| Thickness, mm | Weight, kg/m2 | Thermal Conductivity Resistance R (m2K/W) | Fire Resistance | λ, W/mK |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 16.9 | 8.51 | EI-15 | 0.022 |
Table 2.
The thermal characteristics the proposed construction of the building.
| Estimated heat consumption—house | 79.88 kWh/m2 |
| Maximum allowable heat consumption—Emax | 242.46 kWh/m2 |
| Compliance with norms | Yes |
Table 3.
Climatological data used in computations, region of Lviv.
| Units | Location | |
|---|---|---|
| Latitude | 49.8 | |
| Longitude | 24.0 | |
| Heaven | Cool–wet | |
| Altitude | m | 323 |
| Estimated heating temperature | °C | −19.0 |
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MDPI and ACS Style
Zhelykh, V.; Furdas, Y.; Adamski, M.; Rebman, M. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission through Energy-Saving Technologies for Heating Modular Buildings. Environ. Sci. Proc. 2021, 9, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009010
AMA Style
Zhelykh V, Furdas Y, Adamski M, Rebman M. Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission through Energy-Saving Technologies for Heating Modular Buildings. Environmental Sciences Proceedings. 2021; 9(1):10. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009010
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhelykh, Vasyl, Yurii Furdas, Mariusz Adamski, and Maksym Rebman. 2021. "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emission through Energy-Saving Technologies for Heating Modular Buildings" Environmental Sciences Proceedings 9, no. 1: 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2021009010
