Real-Time Detection and Counting of Melted Spatter Particles During Deposition of Biomedical-Grade Co-Cr-Mo-4Ti Powder Using the Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing Process †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Image Processing and Spatter Contour Extraction
2.3. Kalman Filter for Spatter Detection and Counting
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Kalman Filter-Based Monitoring of Melted Spatter Particles
3.2. Real-Time Counting of Melted Spatter Particles
3.3. Influence of Powder Feed Rate on Melted Spatter Particles
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Exp. no. | Current (A) | Powder Feed Rate (g/min) | Deposition Head Travel Speed (mm/min) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 17 | 30 | 55 |
2 | 17 | 35 | |
3 | 12 | 50 |
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Nikam, S.; Coleman, S.; Kerr, D.; Jain, N.K.; Panchal, Y.; Nikam, D. Real-Time Detection and Counting of Melted Spatter Particles During Deposition of Biomedical-Grade Co-Cr-Mo-4Ti Powder Using the Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing Process. Eng. Proc. 2025, 92, 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092078
Nikam S, Coleman S, Kerr D, Jain NK, Panchal Y, Nikam D. Real-Time Detection and Counting of Melted Spatter Particles During Deposition of Biomedical-Grade Co-Cr-Mo-4Ti Powder Using the Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing Process. Engineering Proceedings. 2025; 92(1):78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092078
Chicago/Turabian StyleNikam, Sagar, Sonya Coleman, Dermot Kerr, Neelesh Kumar Jain, Yash Panchal, and Deepika Nikam. 2025. "Real-Time Detection and Counting of Melted Spatter Particles During Deposition of Biomedical-Grade Co-Cr-Mo-4Ti Powder Using the Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing Process" Engineering Proceedings 92, no. 1: 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092078
APA StyleNikam, S., Coleman, S., Kerr, D., Jain, N. K., Panchal, Y., & Nikam, D. (2025). Real-Time Detection and Counting of Melted Spatter Particles During Deposition of Biomedical-Grade Co-Cr-Mo-4Ti Powder Using the Micro-Plasma Transferred Arc Additive Manufacturing Process. Engineering Proceedings, 92(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025092078