The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO2 Flooding †
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nanoparticle Characterizations
2.2. Foam Stability Test
3. Results
3.1. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.2. Particle Size Analysis
3.3. Bulk Foam Test
4. Discussion
4.1. Nanoparticle Characteristizations
4.2. Nano Fly Ash Effect on Foam Stability
4.2.1. Foam Stability in Light Oil Presence
4.2.2. Foam Stability in Salinity Conditions
5. Conclusions
- 1 wt% Type-F nano fly ash (NFA) stabilized the foam, which was observed by increasing the half-life time, which has been shown in Sample B1, C2, and D2.
- Type-C NFA was not suitable as a foam stabilizer due to the cementitious characteristics because it contains high CaO, which decreased the half-life time of the foam.
- The presence of light oil caused foam film rupture, which could be prevented by adding Type-F NFA as a foam stabilizer.
- Adding 2 wt% NaCl to increase the salinity decreased the zeta potential value, which made the foam film more unstable, and adding Type-F NFA did not result in a significant improvement in foam stability due to aggregation rate acceleration.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | Type-C | Type-F | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fly Ash | Nano Fly Ash | Fly Ash | Nano Fly Ash | |
SiO2 | 50% | 9.2% | 93.80% | 59.70% |
3CaO·Al2O3 | 46.1% | - | 4.20% | - |
Fe | 3.9% | - | - | 40.30% |
Al2O3 | - | 29.4% | - | - |
Ca3Al2O6 | - | 43.7% | - | - |
Fe2O3 | - | 17.7% | 2% | - |
Parameter | Fly Ash | Nano Fly Ash | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Type-C | Type-F | Type-C | Type-F | |
Particle Size | 1923.7 | 4279.2 | 409.8 | 640.8 |
Polydispersity Index | 0.661 | 0.74 | 0.293 | 0.304 |
Label | Compounds | Half-Life Time (s) | Foam Height (mL) |
---|---|---|---|
A | AOS | 247 | 232 |
B1 | AOS + NFA Type-F | 252.5 | 230 |
B2 | AOS + NFA Type-C | 227 | 240 |
C1 | AOS + Oil | 212.5 | 238 |
C2 | AOS + Oil + NFA Type-F | 226 | 219 |
D1 | AOS + NaCl | 232.5 | 234 |
D2 | AOS + NaCl + NFA Type-F | 241.5 | 222 |
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Ramadhani, G.W.; Ridha, S.; Pramana, A.A.; Maharsi, D.A.; Yusuf, M.; Ibrahim, H. The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO2 Flooding. Eng. Proc. 2024, 76, 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076111
Ramadhani GW, Ridha S, Pramana AA, Maharsi DA, Yusuf M, Ibrahim H. The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO2 Flooding. Engineering Proceedings. 2024; 76(1):111. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076111
Chicago/Turabian StyleRamadhani, Gadis Wahyu, Syahrir Ridha, Astra Agus Pramana, Dara Ayuda Maharsi, Mohammad Yusuf, and Hussameldin Ibrahim. 2024. "The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO2 Flooding" Engineering Proceedings 76, no. 1: 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076111
APA StyleRamadhani, G. W., Ridha, S., Pramana, A. A., Maharsi, D. A., Yusuf, M., & Ibrahim, H. (2024). The Effect of Fly Ash Nanoparticles on Foam Stability for CO2 Flooding. Engineering Proceedings, 76(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024076111