AI as Modern Technology for Home Security Systems: A Systematic Literature Review ^†

Abstract

The growing demand for innovative home security solutions has accelerated the integration of advanced technologies to enhance safety, convenience, and operational efficiency. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become a pivotal element in revolutionizing home security systems by enabling real-time threat detection, automated surveillance, and intelligent decision-making. This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) to explore recent advancements in AI-driven technologies, such as machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, and the Internet of Things (IoT). These innovations enhance security by providing features like facial recognition, anomaly detection, voice-activated controls, and predictive analysis, delivering more accurate and responsive security solutions. Furthermore, this study addresses challenges related to data privacy, cybersecurity threats, and cost considerations while emphasizing AI’s potential to deliver scalable, efficient, and user-friendly systems. The findings demonstrate AI’s vital role in the evolution of home security technologies, paving the way for smarter and safer living environments.

1. Introduction

Home security has become a critical concern in today’s world, where technological advancements offer new ways to enhance protection and safety. With increasing threats of intrusions and accidents, the need for innovative and intelligent solutions is more urgent than ever. Traditional security systems, while reliable in the past, lack the sophistication and adaptability required to address modern challenges. To bridge this gap, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies has transformed home security systems, making them smarter, more efficient, and user-friendly.

This systematic literature review explores the role of AI as a modern technology in home security systems. This research examines the development and application of AI in various systems, such as motion sensors, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-based access control, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)-based alerts, and IoT-enabled monitoring solutions. Motion sensors and RFID readers, for instance, enable real-time detection of intrusions and verification of authorized access to protected areas, ensuring comprehensive security for homes and businesses [1]. Systems utilizing Raspberry Pi and GSM modules provide seamless integration with mobile devices, allowing users to receive instant alerts and control their systems remotely [2].

The IoT has also contributed significantly to home security by enabling interconnectivity among devices and enhancing system functionality. IoT-based systems, such as those leveraging Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) brokers and ESP8266 modules, allow for secure data transmission and real-time monitoring through mobile applications [3,4]. Additionally, AI-powered solutions are evolving to address specific needs, such as child safety and elderly care. For example, smart robots equipped with machine vision and environmental monitoring capabilities ensure safety and assist with daily activities [5,6].

Advancements in the IoT and AI have also made home automation systems more affordable and accessible. From monitoring temperature, gas levels, and smoke conditions to detecting intrusions and sending notifications, these systems provide a holistic approach to home security [7]. Furthermore, the integration of fog computing and IP cameras has minimized delays in alert transmissions, enhancing the effectiveness of smart security systems [8].

This review aims to analyze the existing solutions, highlight advancements, and identify key challenges in the field of AI-enabled home security systems. By synthesizing insights from these studies, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the technologies shaping the future of home security, emphasizing the potential of AI to create safer and smarter living environments.

2. Research Questions and Motivations

2.1. How Does AI Integration Enhance the Automation and Efficiency of Home Security Systems?

AI integration improves home security systems by making them smarter, more efficient, and easier to use. AI-powered virtual assistants like Alexa and Google Assistant allow homeowners to control security features and other home devices with voice commands. AI also learns user habits to automate tasks and save energy.

With IoT devices such as sensors, cameras, and smart locks, homeowners can monitor their homes remotely and receive real-time alerts about security issues. AI analyzes data from these devices to detect unusual activity and respond to threats quickly.

This combination of AI and the IoT makes home security more convenient, energy- efficient, and reliable, giving homeowners better control and peace of mind [9].

2.2. What Types of AI Technologies Are Commonly Used in Modern Home Security Systems?

Modern home security systems use several AI technologies to improve safety. One example is AI-powered Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) cameras that analyze videos in real time to detect threats. If danger is detected, the system can send alerts to registered contacts to inform them of the situation. These systems can also connect with other smart devices in the home, like smart locks or alarms. In cases of danger, the system can automatically activate these devices to help manage the situation. This combination of AI and the IoT makes home security faster and more effective [10]. In modern home security systems, a variety of AI technologies are utilized to enhance safety and efficiency. One example is the integration of IoT technology with AI-powered devices, such as smart door locks. These systems use smartphone communication technology to allow users to remotely lock or unlock doors, with authentication ensuring secure access. AI algorithms process the data from these devices to verify identities and manage access control [11].

2.3. Why Is AI Considered a Transformative Technology for Improving Home Safety and Monitoring?

AI is transformative for home safety because it improves monitoring, and AI-based systems use Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology to provide real-time, comprehensive monitoring. For example, in large homes, AI systems showed an accuracy of 89.36% in detecting safety issues compared to 77.76% for traditional systems. In smaller homes, AI systems achieved 94.43% accuracy, outperforming the 87.63% achieved by traditional systems. This demonstrates how AI improves the reliability and effectiveness of home safety systems, making homes safer and smarter [12]. An effective face detection and identification algorithm is required to design a highly effective intruder detecting surveillance system. When a person is captured on camera, a Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), an artificial intelligence program that detects objects, and Grassmann’s algorithm are utilized to determine whether or not the individual is permitted [13].

3. Methodology

This study employs a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) as a transformative technology in modern home security systems. The SLR method provides a structured framework for analyzing the existing research, enabling a comprehensive examination of this topic.

This research follows the PRISMA guidelines to ensure a transparent and systematic process (see Figure 1). This includes formulating the research questions, conducting an extensive literature search, selecting relevant studies, and synthesizing the findings to address the defined questions.

Academic databases such as Scopus, IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to identify the relevant literature. The search focused on peer-reviewed articles and reports published between 2015 and 2024. Keywords such as “artificial intelligence”, “home security systems”, “AI-based surveillance”, “IoT in security”, and “smart home technology” guided the search to locate studies exploring AI’s application in home security.

To ensure quality and relevance, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Studies were included if they addressed the use of AI in home security, discussed specific technological features (e.g., facial recognition, anomaly detection), and provided data on effectiveness and implementation challenges. Studies lacking peer-reviewed validation or that were unrelated to AI-based home security systems were excluded.

Key information was extracted from the selected studies, including the research designs, AI technologies employed, findings, and impact of AI on home security systems. The analysis focused on themes such as the effectiveness of AI in real-time threat detection, the integration of IoT devices, cost-effectiveness, and user adoption. Challenges such as data privacy, cybersecurity, and ethical concerns were also examined.

The synthesized findings provide a detailed understanding of how AI enhances home security systems, highlighting its advantages in improving safety, automation, and efficiency. The results offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in the development of smart, AI-driven security solutions.

4. Results and Discussion

AI as a Modern Technology for Home Security Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into home security systems has significantly transformed traditional security measures, offering enhanced surveillance, efficient threat detection, and improved user convenience. This section delves into eight critical aspects of AI’s impact on home security, substantiated by the findings from contemporary scholarly research.

• Real-Time Surveillance and Monitoring: AI-based security systems leverage powerful machine learning and computer vision algorithms to continuously analyze video feeds, detecting unusual activities in real time. This ability to detect abnormalities reduces human oversight and minimizes errors, enabling a more reliable surveillance process. AI systems can instantly alert security personnel or homeowners when suspicious behavior is detected, allowing for quicker responses to potential threats. This form of continuous monitoring is critical in environments where security needs to be active at all times [14].
• Threat Detection and Response: AI-powered systems significantly enhance the ability to detect threats by analyzing patterns and recognizing anomalies that could indicate security breaches. These systems are trained to identify unauthorized access attempts, unusual movements, or other behaviors that could signal a potential danger. Once a threat is identified, AI can trigger automatic responses, such as locking doors, notifying security teams, or activating alarms, ensuring swift action to mitigate risks. By automating the detection and response process, these systems offer a much higher level of protection compared to traditional surveillance methods, which are often reactive and slower in their response times [15].
• A 24/7 Operational Capability: One of the key benefits of AI-based security systems is their ability to operate without interruption. Unlike human personnel who may need rest or breaks, AI systems are capable of maintaining constant vigilance around the clock, ensuring that security measures are always in place. This 24/7 operational capability significantly reduces the likelihood of security lapses due to fatigue or human error, providing peace of mind to homeowners and business owners. The system can continuously monitor for threats, alerting users or responding automatically, ensuring an uninterrupted presence to deter potential intruders at any time of day or night [14].
• Integration with IoT and Smart Systems: AI-based security systems are highly adaptable and can be integrated seamlessly with IoT devices such as cameras, smart locks, motion sensors, and other connected technologies. By leveraging data from various devices, AI can create a cohesive and intelligent security system that responds to changing circumstances. For example, if a motion sensor detects an intruder, the system can trigger cameras to start recording, alert the homeowner, and lock the doors automatically. This integration creates a fully interconnected security ecosystem that enhances the safety and operational efficiency in a smart home environment, providing users with greater control and peace of mind [14].
• Customizable Security Protocols: AI systems can learn and adapt to the specific behaviors, routines, and preferences of homeowners. This adaptability enables the creation of customized security protocols that reflect the unique needs of each household. For example, an AI system can recognize when a homeowner leaves for work and automatically adjust the security settings, such as locking the doors and activating motion sensors. Over time, as the system learns more about the household’s habits, it becomes increasingly effective at predicting and responding to security needs. This level of personalization ensures that security protocols align more closely with individual lifestyles, providing a more tailored and effective security solution [14].
• Cost Efficiency Over Time: While the initial investment in AI-based security systems may be considerable, their long-term benefits often outweigh the costs. By automating surveillance, threat detection, and response, these systems significantly reduce the need for human intervention. This leads to lower operational costs over time, especially when compared to traditional security systems that require constant human monitoring. The reduction in manual labor and the increased accuracy and efficiency of AI-driven systems result in overall cost savings, making them a more sustainable investment for long-term security needs. Moreover, AI systems can scale easily, accommodating growing security needs without the need for substantial additional costs [15].
• Remote Access and Control: One of the standout features of AI-based security systems is the ability for homeowners to remotely monitor and control their security apparatus. Through smartphone apps or web-based interfaces, users can access live video feeds, receive real-time alerts, and even control smart locks or cameras from virtually anywhere. This remote accessibility enhances convenience, allowing homeowners to respond to security events no matter their physical location. For instance, if a user receives an alert about suspicious activity, they can quickly check their cameras and take action—whether that means alerting authorities or activating further security measures. This feature provides flexibility and control, making it easier to manage security from a distance [14].
• Environment Adaptability: AI systems are designed to operate effectively in a wide range of environmental conditions. Whether in low-light settings, varying weather conditions, or different spatial configurations, AI security systems can adapt to maintain the optimal performance. For instance, AI cameras may adjust their sensitivity based on lighting changes or modify the detection parameters depending on environmental factors like rain or fog. This adaptability ensures that security measures are consistently effective, regardless of the external conditions, ensuring that the system operates efficiently both indoors and outdoors. This makes AI-driven security systems ideal for a variety of settings, from residential homes to larger commercial and public spaces [14].

5. Conclusions

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into modern home security systems represents a transformative shift in the way that we approach safety and protection. As this systematic literature review demonstrates, AI, coupled with technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT), machine learning, and computer vision, significantly enhances the effectiveness and efficiency of home security solutions. AI enables real-time threat detection, intelligent decision-making, and automated surveillance, ensuring a more reliable and responsive security infrastructure. These advancements allow for features such as facial recognition, anomaly detection, voice-activated controls, and predictive analysis, delivering enhanced security for homes and businesses alike.

The widespread adoption of IoT-based solutions strengthens the interconnectedness and functionality of home security systems further. IoT technologies enable seamless communication between devices, facilitating remote monitoring and control, thereby providing homeowners with greater flexibility and peace of mind. In addition, the IoT ensures real-time data collection, predictive analysis, and optimized system performance, enhancing the overall reliability of home security solutions.

While AI-driven technologies offer substantial benefits, challenges such as data privacy concerns, cybersecurity threats, and the cost of implementation remain significant. Addressing these challenges will be key to the broader acceptance and scalability of AI- powered home security systems. However, the potential for AI to revolutionize home security is undeniable. As AI continues to evolve, its role in creating smarter, more efficient, and user-friendly security solutions will play a crucial part in ensuring safer living environments.

In conclusion, AI, alongside the IoT and other emerging technologies, is reshaping the landscape of home security, paving the way for more sophisticated, adaptable, and cost- effective systems. The future of home security lies in the seamless integration of these technologies, which will undoubtedly enhance the protection, convenience, and overall quality of life for homeowners worldwide.