Effectiveness of Ginseng, Rutin and Moringa for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Study Selection
2.3. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Assessment of the Risk of Bias
3. Results
3.1. Risk of Bias and Methodological Quality
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Erectile Function Outcomes
4. Discussion
4.1. Limitations
4.2. Recommendations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Random Sequence Generation | Allocation Concealment | Blinding of Participants and Personnel | Incomplete Outcome Data | Selective Reporting | Other Bias |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kim | 2009 | No | No | Yes | No | No | No |
Choi | 2012 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | No | No | No |
de Andrade | 2007 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | No | No | No |
Hong | 2002 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | No | No | No |
Farnia | 2019 | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Choi | 1995 | Yes | Unclear | NR | No | No | IIEF not evalueted |
Mirone | 2021 | Yes | Unclear | Yes | No | No | No |
a: Main Study Characteristics | |||||||||||||
Author | Year | Number of Centers | Type of Center | Country | Study Design | Time Point for Outcome | Tool Use to Assess Erectile Function | N of Patients (Total Cohort) | Mean/Median Age of Patients (Range) | ||||
Kim | 2009 | Single | University Hospital | Korea | Prospective | 8 weeks | IIEF-5 | 143 | 58.1 (33–79) | ||||
Choi | 2012 | Multicenter | University Hospital | Korea | Prospective | 4/8 weeks | IIEF-5 | 118 | 57.5 (7.9) | ||||
de Andrade | 2007 | Single | University Hospital | Brazil | Prospective | 12 weeks | IIEF-5 | 60 | 52.6 (26–70) | ||||
Hong | 2002 | Single | University Hospital | Korea | Prospective | 8 weeks | IIEF-duplex sonography-RigiScan | 45 | 54 | ||||
Farnia | 2019 | Single | University Hospital | Iran | Prospective | 4 weeks | IIEF-BSFI | 54 | 38.25 | ||||
Choi | 1995 | Single | University Hospital | Korea | Prospective | 12 weeks | NR | 90 | 45 (26–70) | ||||
Mirone | 2021 | Multicenter | University Hospital | Italy | Prospective | 12 weeks | IIEF-5 | 86 | 59.98 (38–69) | ||||
b: Main Study Outcomes. | |||||||||||||
Author | Year | Baseline IIEF-EF Mean (Range)-INTERVENTION | Baseline IIEF-EF Mean (Range)-COMPARATOR | IIEF-EF Mean (Range)-INTERVENTION | IIEF-EF Mean (Range)-COMPARATOR | p-Value | Baseline IIEF-5 Mean (Range)-INTERVENTION | Baseline IIEF-5 Mean (Range)-COMPARATOR | IIEF-5 Mean (Range)-INTERVENTION | IIEF-5 Mean (Range)-COMPARATOR | p-Value | Adverse Events | Limitations |
Kim | 2009 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 16.4 (±7.1) | 13 (±4.2) | 0.01 | 11.0 (±5.1) | 11.9 (±4.4) | 15.3 (±6.1) | 13.5 (±4.4) | 0.06 | 3 (minor hedaches) | No random sequence generation and no allocation concealment |
Choi | 2012 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 4 weeks: 17.7 (4.7); 8 weeks: 18.6 (5.9) | 4 weeks: 16.3 (5.3); 8 weeks: 18.0 (5.1) | 4 weeks: 0.06; 8 weeks: 0.5 | 14.3 (±1.8) | 14.6 (±1.8) | NR | NR | NR | 0 | Unclear allocation concealment |
de Andrade | 2007 | 16.4 (±2.9 ) | 17.0 (±3.1) | NR | NR | NR | 16.4 (±2.9) | 17.0 (±3.1) | 21.0 (±3.3) | 17.7 (±5.6) | <0.01 | 3 (headache-insomnia) | Unclear allocation concealment |
Hong | 2002 | 8.93 (±6.14) | 8.93 ± 6.14 | 38.13 (±16.64) | 30.92 (±15.67) | 0.01 | 8.93 (±6.14) | 8.93 (±6.14) | 12.70 (± 6.38) | 10.33 (5.46) | <0.01 | 0 | Unclear allocation concealment and crossover studio |
Farnia | 2019 | NR | NR | 15.14 (±3.99) | 12.04 (±2.46) | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 4 (sleeplessness agitation) | No statistical results |
Choi | 1995 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | No standardized outcome measure |
Mirone | 2021 | 13.18 (±7) | 14.15 (±6.4) | NR | NR | NR | 13.18 (±3.75) | 14.15 (±5) | 20.48( ±2.24) | 14.15 (±4.4) | <0.01 | 20 (headache flushing) | Unclear allocation concealment |
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Rebez, G.; Capogrosso, P.; Boeri, L.; Rizzo, M.; Miacola, C.; Cai, T.; Palumbo, F.; Ortensi, I.; Ceruti, C.; Lauretti, S.; et al. Effectiveness of Ginseng, Rutin and Moringa for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Uro 2022, 2, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2020009
Rebez G, Capogrosso P, Boeri L, Rizzo M, Miacola C, Cai T, Palumbo F, Ortensi I, Ceruti C, Lauretti S, et al. Effectiveness of Ginseng, Rutin and Moringa for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review. Uro. 2022; 2(2):65-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2020009
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebez, Giacomo, Paolo Capogrosso, Luca Boeri, Michele Rizzo, Carlos Miacola, Tommaso Cai, Fabrizio Palumbo, Ilaria Ortensi, Carlo Ceruti, Stefano Lauretti, and et al. 2022. "Effectiveness of Ginseng, Rutin and Moringa for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review" Uro 2, no. 2: 65-73. https://doi.org/10.3390/uro2020009