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Article

Integration of Wind Energy and Geological Hydrogen Storage in the Bakken Formation, North Dakota: Assessing the Potential of Depleted Reservoirs for Hydrogen Storage

by
Shree Om Bade
1,*,
Emmanuel Gyimah
1,*,
Rachael Josephs
1,
Toluwase Omojiba
1,
Rockson Aluah
2 and
Olusegun Stanley Tomomewo
1,*
1
Department of Energy Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hydrogen 2024, 5(4), 737-760; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen5040039
Submission received: 20 July 2024 / Revised: 28 August 2024 / Accepted: 15 October 2024 / Published: 17 October 2024
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Abstract

Geological hydrogen storage, seen as a viable solution for addressing energy demands and mitigating the intermittency of wind power, is gaining recognition. At present, there are no specific studies that estimate hydrogen storage capacity and the potential for wind integration in North Dakota despite the state’s enormous energy resources and capabilities. The study’s key innovation lies in repurposing a region historically associated with oil and gas for sustainable energy storage, thereby addressing the intermittency of wind sources. Moreover, the innovative aspect of this study involves field selection, site screening, characterization, and mathematical modeling to simulate a wind–hydrogen production and geological storage system. A 15 MW wind farm, using real-world data from General Electric wind turbines, is employed to assess storage capacities within the Middle Bakken formation. The study reveals substantial storage potentials in wells W24814, W19693, and W26990, with capacities of 54,000, 33,000, and 22,000 tons, respectively. These capacities translate to energy storage capabilities of 1080, 660, and 440 GWh, with minimum storage durations of 140, 80, and 57 days, respectively, under a 60% system efficiency. By pioneering the integration of wind energy with geological hydrogen storage in a region traditionally dominated by fossil fuel extraction, this research could play a crucial role in advancing North Dakota’s energy transition, providing a blueprint for similar initiatives globally.
Keywords: underground hydrogen storage; wind energy; hydrogen production; depleted oil and gas reservoir underground hydrogen storage; wind energy; hydrogen production; depleted oil and gas reservoir

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bade, S.O.; Gyimah, E.; Josephs, R.; Omojiba, T.; Aluah, R.; Tomomewo, O.S. Integration of Wind Energy and Geological Hydrogen Storage in the Bakken Formation, North Dakota: Assessing the Potential of Depleted Reservoirs for Hydrogen Storage. Hydrogen 2024, 5, 737-760. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen5040039

AMA Style

Bade SO, Gyimah E, Josephs R, Omojiba T, Aluah R, Tomomewo OS. Integration of Wind Energy and Geological Hydrogen Storage in the Bakken Formation, North Dakota: Assessing the Potential of Depleted Reservoirs for Hydrogen Storage. Hydrogen. 2024; 5(4):737-760. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen5040039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bade, Shree Om, Emmanuel Gyimah, Rachael Josephs, Toluwase Omojiba, Rockson Aluah, and Olusegun Stanley Tomomewo. 2024. "Integration of Wind Energy and Geological Hydrogen Storage in the Bakken Formation, North Dakota: Assessing the Potential of Depleted Reservoirs for Hydrogen Storage" Hydrogen 5, no. 4: 737-760. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen5040039

APA Style

Bade, S. O., Gyimah, E., Josephs, R., Omojiba, T., Aluah, R., & Tomomewo, O. S. (2024). Integration of Wind Energy and Geological Hydrogen Storage in the Bakken Formation, North Dakota: Assessing the Potential of Depleted Reservoirs for Hydrogen Storage. Hydrogen, 5(4), 737-760. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen5040039

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