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Article

Metal-Hydride-Based Hydrogen Storage as Potential Heat Source for the Cold Start of PEM FC in Hydrogen-Powered Coaches: A Comparative Study of Various Materials and Thermal Management Techniques

by
Evangelos I. Gkanas
*,
Chongming Wang
,
Simon Shepherd
and
Oliver Curnick
Centre for Advanced Low Carbon Propulsion Systems (C-ALPS), Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Hydrogen 2022, 3(4), 418-432; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040026
Submission received: 26 September 2022 / Revised: 13 October 2022 / Accepted: 26 October 2022 / Published: 1 November 2022
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Abstract

The successful and fast start-up of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) at subfreezing temperatures (cold start) is very important for the use of PEMFCs as energy sources for automotive applications. The effective thermal management of PEMFCs is of major importance. When hydrogen is stored in hydride-forming intermetallics, significant amounts of heat are released due to the exothermic nature of the reaction. This excess of heat can potentially be used for PEMFC thermal management and to accelerate the cold start. In the current work, this possibility is extensively studied. Three hydride-forming intermetallics are introduced and their hydrogenation behavior is evaluated. In addition, five thermal management scenarios of the metal hydride beds are studied in order to enhance the kinetics of the hydrogenation. The optimum combination of the intermetallic, hydrogenation behavior, weight and complexity of the thermal management system was chosen for the study of thermal coupling with the PEMFCs. A 1D GT-SUITE model was built to stimulate the thermal coupling of a 100 kW fuel cell stack with the metal hydride. The results show that the use of the heat from the metal hydride system was able to reduce the cold start by up to 8.2%.
Keywords: hydrogen storage; metal hydrides; thermal management; PEM fuel cell; thermal coupling hydrogen storage; metal hydrides; thermal management; PEM fuel cell; thermal coupling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gkanas, E.I.; Wang, C.; Shepherd, S.; Curnick, O. Metal-Hydride-Based Hydrogen Storage as Potential Heat Source for the Cold Start of PEM FC in Hydrogen-Powered Coaches: A Comparative Study of Various Materials and Thermal Management Techniques. Hydrogen 2022, 3, 418-432. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040026

AMA Style

Gkanas EI, Wang C, Shepherd S, Curnick O. Metal-Hydride-Based Hydrogen Storage as Potential Heat Source for the Cold Start of PEM FC in Hydrogen-Powered Coaches: A Comparative Study of Various Materials and Thermal Management Techniques. Hydrogen. 2022; 3(4):418-432. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040026

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gkanas, Evangelos I., Chongming Wang, Simon Shepherd, and Oliver Curnick. 2022. "Metal-Hydride-Based Hydrogen Storage as Potential Heat Source for the Cold Start of PEM FC in Hydrogen-Powered Coaches: A Comparative Study of Various Materials and Thermal Management Techniques" Hydrogen 3, no. 4: 418-432. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040026

APA Style

Gkanas, E. I., Wang, C., Shepherd, S., & Curnick, O. (2022). Metal-Hydride-Based Hydrogen Storage as Potential Heat Source for the Cold Start of PEM FC in Hydrogen-Powered Coaches: A Comparative Study of Various Materials and Thermal Management Techniques. Hydrogen, 3(4), 418-432. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen3040026

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