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Review

A Survey on Topologies and Modulation Strategies of Dual Inverters in Industrial Applications

by
Erick Zain Adame Najera
1,*,
Susana Estefany De León Aldaco
1,*,
Jesus Aguayo Alquicira
1,*,
Ricardo Eliu Lozoya-Ponce
2,
José Ángel Pecina-Sánchez
3 and
Samuel Portillo Contreras
4
1
Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CENIDET), Cuernavaca 62490, Mexico
2
División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Tecnológico Nacional de México-I.T. de Chihuahua, Av. Tecnológico #2909, Chihuahua 31200, Mexico
3
Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Región Altiplano, Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí, Matehuala 78700, Mexico
4
Escuela de Estudios Superiores de Yecapixtla, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Morelos, Yecapixtla 62800, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Eng 2025, 6(11), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6110316
Submission received: 26 September 2025 / Revised: 24 October 2025 / Accepted: 1 November 2025 / Published: 6 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Integrated Circuit Design and Application)
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Abstract

Inverters have played a fundamental role in the development of energy conversion, especially in industrial applications. Over time, new architectures have been developed to optimize performance and reduce energy losses. Among the alternatives are dual inverters, which offer greater control flexibility, improve output wave quality, and, most importantly, have a greater impact on reducing energy consumption. Therefore, this study aims to systematically review and classify the main dual inverter topologies and modulation strategies, evaluating their advantages, limitations, and potential applications in industrial systems.

1. Introduction

The three-phase induction motor is one of the most widely used electrical machines in various industrial applications. Traditionally, they have been powered by classic two- and three-level inverters, which transform the DC voltage into a modulated three-phase signal capable of controlling speed and torque [1]. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a traditional inverter connected to a three-phase induction motor. However, traditional inverters have DC bus limitations that generate higher harmonic content. In this regard, dual inverters are emerging as a new trend offering energy efficiency, control flexibility, fault tolerance, and better use of the DC bus with lower THD [2].
Dual inverters consist of two independent traditional three-phase inverters that power a three-phase induction motor containing open windings [3]. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the dual inverter connected to an induction motor with open-ended windings. This configuration eliminates the fixed neutral point and provides greater flexibility in voltage control [4].
Table 1 shows a comparison of the characteristics of the traditional inverter vs. the dual inverter.
In dual inverters, THD does not depend solely on the topology, but is strongly influenced by the modulation strategy applied. An appropriate choice of modulation allows the topology’s good performance to be maximized, achieving a wave output, lower THD, and better energy efficiency in Table 2.
Table 2. Comparison of some modulation techniques.
Table 2. Comparison of some modulation techniques.
CharacteristicSPWM (Sinusoidal PWM)SVPWM (Space Vector PWM)Hybrid (DPWM-SVPWM or SHE-PWM)
Operating PrincipleComparison of sinusoidal reference wave with a triangular carrier. Voltage representation as a space vector within the switchingCombines techniques: reduces switching losses.
Voltage Utilization FactorLow (≈78% of the DC bus).Alto (≈90–92% del bus de CD).Very high (≈92–96%, depending on implementation).
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)Higher THD, especially in high-power loads.Lower THD, spectrum more concentrated in higher-order harmonics.Very low THD, better natural filtering at the output.
Implementation ComplexitySimple, easy to implement on a microcontroller or FPGA.Moderate, requires vector calculations and switching time computation.High, requires advanced algorithms, numerical optimization, or predefined tables.
Robustness in OEWIMLess efficient, requires additional filter to improve waveform quality [5].Very suitable, maximizes DC bus utilization in dual inverters and improves symmetry [6].Excellent, especially for critical applications (EVs, electric traction, renewable energy) [7].
Typical ApplicationsLow power systems, simple motor control [8].Electric vehicles, traction, medium/high-power industrial applications [9].Next-generation EVs, high-efficiency inverters, applications where low THD and high efficiency are prioritized [10].
This article presents a comprehensive review of scientific literature addressing the different topologies of dual inverters [11,12,13] and the associated modulation strategies [14,15,16], applied in a wide range of industrial applications. The appropriate selection of topologies and modulation techniques is a critical factor in ensuring sustainable and high-performance solutions in power electronics. Inadequate management of this choice can lead to recurring problems such as high levels of harmonic distortion, overstressing of switching devices, and unnecessary energy losses. Conversely, optimal design and selection ensure more reliable operation, greater energy efficiency, and robust performance in the face of the growing demands of industrial and electric mobility applications.
Based on these considerations, this study aims to answer the following research question: “How do different dual inverter topologies and modulation strategies influence performance indicators such as harmonic distortion, DC bus utilization, and control complexity in industrial and electric drive applications?”
The survey includes more than 100 academic articles, which allow for the identification and classification of the most representative dual inverter topologies, as well as the analysis of the primary modulation strategies used, such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM), and hybrid approaches. These techniques, applied in highly relevant fields such as electric vehicles (EVs), fault-tolerant systems, microgrids, photovoltaic plants, and aeronautical applications, offer significant advantages in DC bus voltage utilization, total harmonic distortion (THD) reduction, and switching effort reduction, resulting in substantial improvements in overall energy efficiency. This highlights the importance of understanding and evaluating research in this field, not only as an academic contribution, but also as a strategic tool to guide the design and development of future energy conversion technologies.

2. Materials and Methods

A systematic literature review was conducted to identify studies on dual inverter topologies and modulation strategies in industrial applications. The search was performed using the keywords “induction motor,” “applications dual inverter,” “OEWIM,” and “dual inverter” across four major databases: IEEE Xplore, SciELO, ReadCube, and MDPI. After removing duplicates and irrelevant articles, the remaining records were screened by title and abstract, and those meeting the inclusion criteria were selected for full-text review.
The inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed publications relevant to dual inverter topologies or modulation strategies, focused on industrial applications, and published in English between 2000 and 2025. Additionally, both journals and early access articles were considered. The exclusion criteria included articles lacking sufficient technical detail, not written in English, publications not associated with recognized journals, as well as books or other non-peer-reviewed sources.
To minimize bias and ensure the validity of the process, each article was independently reviewed by two authors. Any discrepancies in selection were resolved through discussion to ensure reliability and reproducibility. Ultimately, 110 studies met all criteria and were included for detailed analysis.
Figure 3 shows a graph that takes keywords into account in order to identify the number of articles, in general, in the most prominent journals, filtering out articles that are not highly relevant in order to provide an appropriate review of dual inverters, as this will help us to see what type of applications can be considered for each inverter in terms of its configuration.
Figure 4 shows a search in several journals containing information about dual inverters and the OEWIM connection, which differs from the regular connections found in traditional inverters, such as delta and star connections, as it involves two traditional inverters connecting to an induction motor with different configurations in the 110 selected articles.
In the most recent studies on dual inverters, considering a range from 2015 to 2025 as shown in Figure 5, they have gained increasing importance due to advances in power conversion systems and their integration into high-performance applications. These developments respond to the interest in improving control and efficiency in the management of electric motors, especially in configurations with open windings and advanced inverter topologies in Table 3.

3. Results

Dual inverters have been widely reported to enhance power quality, DC bus utilization, and harmonic suppression. For example, Vasuda et al. [57] demonstrated that a multilevel dual inverter in maximal distention mode significantly improves DC-link utilization, while Lamine et al. [58] showed that space vector PWM strategies can further reduce harmonic content in open-end winding induction motors.
However, these advantages are not universally observed. Schiedermeier et al. [59] highlighted that such improvements often come at the cost of increased switching losses and higher control complexity, and Smith and Salmon [60] noted that maintaining a constant power factor may limit operational flexibility. Similarly, Mizukoshi and Haga [61,62] reported that low-speed operation benefits from dual inverters in voltage waveform quality, but challenges in torque control and efficiency remain. These contrasting results indicate that the benefits of dual inverters are highly dependent on the selected topology and modulation strategy, emphasizing the need for careful optimization tailored to specific applications.
Dual inverters can be classified into two main categories: topology and modulation. Topology refers to the structural configuration of the dual inverter, while modulation describes the switching strategy employed, either at low or high frequency. Three general topological structures are considered, which are illustrated in Figure 6. The first structure is used in industrial drives, the second structure which offers greater flexibility in voltage control, and the third structure, connected via a single DC source unique advantages and constraints, highlighting the trade-offs that must be considered when selecting the appropriate topology for a given application.
Modulation in dual inverters is a fundamental mechanism for achieving better reliability and efficiency. Figure 7 shows a classification of the most commonly used modulation types in OEWIM dual inverters, based on the number of articles reviewed.
Dual inverters have a greater advantage because they can cover more applications than others, as they require high efficiency, a greater control range, better wave quality, and superior flexibility in energy management. Although their implementation is more complex, the benefits in advanced control, energy efficiency, and adaptability make them ideal for OEWIM motors.
A comparison of different topologies reported in the literature was carried out, the results of which are presented in Table 4.
Induction motors are highly valued due to their simple, robust construction, lower cost, and ability to offer excellent performance with minimal maintenance. One of the main challenges lies in the difficulty of regulating their speed, which has historically made DC motors preferable. However, thanks to advances in power electronics, it is now possible to control the speed of induction motors to adjust them to the needs of the load.

3.1. Applications

The set of publications analyzed and categorized around dual inverters totals 100 articles, which were classified into four main areas of application and development, considering complementary approaches as shown in Figure 8. This approach ranges from domestic, residential, and industrial environments, considering the efficient control of loads and energy storage systems.
These structures have been developed to enhance the performance, flexibility, and efficiency of the system in applications that necessitate the integration of multiple energy sources. Thanks to innovative approaches in the distribution of their components, dual inverters optimize voltage signal quality, reduce energy waste, and allow for precise control of the system, making them a key solution in sectors such as renewable energy.
Figure 9 presents a diagram that organizes the overview of the sub-areas comprising each main study area, indicated in Figure 8 for dual inverters. The categories include different topological structures, such as dual inverter configurations with a common DC bus and those with independent power supplies, as well as their integration into open-ended winding systems (OEWIM).
This structure enables the analysis of advantages and challenges associated with each configuration, considering modulation flexibility, the generation of multiple voltage levels, and improved power quality. Representative applications, including electric vehicle propulsion, high-efficiency industrial motor drives, and renewable energy-based distributed generation, highlight the benefits of the OEWIM connection with dual inverters.
While traditional inverters remain widely used for controlling induction motors due to their reliability and compact design, the dual inverter architecture provides enhanced flexibility and performance. By operating two three-phase inverters in an OEWIM configuration, complementary switching allows for more complex modulation patterns, improving torque control, reducing harmonic content, and optimizing DC bus utilization.
In dual inverters, one of the key areas for efficient operation is the modulation technique used, as this determines the quality of the output signal, harmonic content, DC bus utilization, and motor torque control. The most commonly used modulations include sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) and space vector modulation (SVM).
SPWM is widely used due to its simplicity of implementation and its ability to generate a modulated sine wave suitable for induction motors. However, in OEWIM (open-ended windings) configurations, SVM becomes more relevant as it allows for more precise control of phase voltages and better utilization of the DC bus, especially when strategies with phase shift between the two inverters are applied.
In dual inverters, the introduction of a phase shift angle between the two inverters (connected to an induction motor in OEWIM configuration) represents an additional degree of freedom in the design of the modulation system. This phase shift can be applied either to the carrier waves (in SPWM) or to the reference vectors (in SVM), and allows for significant modification of the quality of the output signals.
For example, simulation results indicate that a 90° phase shift reduces total harmonic distortion to 7.5% while improving DC bus utilization to 92% under nominal load conditions. Lower phase shifts, such as 0° or 60°, result in higher harmonic content and lower DC bus utilization, but offer simpler control suitable for low-demand applications. These examples demonstrate the trade-offs inherent in selecting appropriate phase shift angles for dual inverter modulation.
Table 5 presents a comparison of different modulation strategies for dual inverters, showing the relationship between phase shift angle, harmonic content, DC bus utilization, control complexity, and typical applications. As observed, increasing the phase shift generally reduces harmonic distortion and enhances DC bus utilization, though at the cost of greater control complexity. For instance, Kumar and Srinivas demonstrated that a 0° configuration using carrier-based PWM provides a simple and effective control strategy for open-end winding induction motor prototypes. In contrast, Liu et al. proposed a modulation approach for four-level dual inverters operating at 90°, achieving significant common-mode voltage suppression and improved voltage utilization, making it suitable for high-performance traction and electric vehicle systems. These results highlight the trade-offs between simplicity and performance when selecting the most appropriate modulation strategy for a given application.
Despite their advantages, dual inverters present several technical challenges that require careful consideration. Synchronization between the two inverters is critical, as even minor deviations can increase harmonic content, as shown by Yang et al. [71]. Fault tolerance is another key concern; Maddugari et al. [72] and Kim et al. [73], emphasize that strategies to handle switch or load faults often increase system complexity. Additional issues include EMI and leakage current reduction, as reported by Shen et al. [74], and stability under capacitor-less configurations, as highlighted by Ohno and Haga [75]. Adaptive control methods, such as those proposed by Safsouf et al. [76], offer potential solutions but also introduce implementation challenges. Linking these challenges to specific studies provides a more nuanced understanding of the trade-offs between efficiency, reliability, and control complexity in dual inverter systems, fulfilling the requirement for a more critical evaluation.
In terms of design, dual inverters require more comprehensive representations that consider the interaction between both inverters, the coupling with the load (usually an induction motor), and differential or redundant operating conditions. This has led to the development of nonlinear dynamic models and specialized simulation tools that allow for the analysis of both steady-state behavior and fault conditions.
From a topology standpoint, dual inverters can adopt different configurations, such as double H-bridge with common neutral, open-winding structures, or coupled systems with multiple power sources.
Recent research has also compared dual inverter systems with emerging configurations such as hybrid three-level/two-level inverters [77] and H10 topologies [78]. Hybrid structures reduce the number of semiconductor devices while improving DC bus utilization, yet they typically require more complex control algorithms and precise neutral-point voltage (NPV) balancing [79]. Similarly, H10 inverters achieve effective leakage current and common-mode voltage (CMV) reduction, but at the cost of reduced modularity and limited fault-tolerance compared to dual inverter systems. In contrast, dual inverters remain a robust and flexible solution due to their simpler control implementation, inherent fault redundancy, and compatibility with multiple modulation strategies.
Table 6 presents a classification and brief description of some of the most relevant articles that have addressed the structure and modulation of dual inverters, with a focus on their most useful application to induction motors.

3.2. Architecture of Dual Inverters

Figure 10 addresses fundamental aspects of dual inverters, beginning with the architecture, which details the configuration of two independent three-phase inverters connected to the open ends of the motor winding. It then analyzes the specific modulation techniques that enable this topology to be controlled effectively, highlighting methods such as space vector modulation and predictive control with their respective equations [103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113].
Figure 10 shows that the modulation technique used is SVPWM, as it is considered to be adaptable to any dual inverter structure, whether from a single source, two sources, or one power source with a capacitor, as it can provide maximum utilization of the DC bus. Another advantage is that it reduces the percentage of harmonics in the system. For the inverters, having the lowest possible percentage of harmonics is essential, as it can improve the efficiency of the output signal to the inverter so that the load can make the best possible use of the energy provided by the inverter.
This technique can also improve fault tolerance, as it allows the load to be redistributed dynamically, maintaining continuous operation of the OEWIM motor and protecting the power components, which is critical in applications where reliability is essential, such as electric vehicles or industrial drive systems.

3.3. Future Trends

Global energy consumption faces growing challenges, including energy conversion inefficiencies, load fluctuations, and high dependence on non-renewable sources. These problems lead to inefficient energy use, increased costs, and contribute to polluting emissions. One of the key solutions for induction motors is OEWIM dual connection inverters, as they allow for more precise and flexible control of voltage and current, optimizing energy conversion in real time thanks to their ability to tolerate faults, reducing energy losses, ensuring operational continuity to avoid excessive monetary losses, and thus providing reliability to industrial applications such as renewable generation and electric transportation.
Table 7 presents the main areas of opportunity in different energy sectors for the application of dual inverters, with the aim of maximizing benefits and reducing excessive energy consumption.

4. Discussion

The analysis of dual inverter topologies and modulation strategies for induction motors demonstrates significant potential for future applications in high-efficiency energy conversion. Beyond summarizing performance improvements, it is notable how specific design choices—such as complementary phase operation and optimized DC link utilization—directly impact system reliability under fault-tolerant conditions. This insight underscores the importance of selecting appropriate modulation strategies for applications where both efficiency and operational robustness are critical, including electric vehicles, railway traction, and renewable energy generation systems.
The literature shows that the appropriate selection of topology and modulation technique has a direct impact on harmonic reduction, common-mode voltage reduction, and circulating current mitigation, which translates into a substantial improvement in the useful life of semiconductors and the quality of power delivered to the load. In this regard, advanced methods such as PWM vector space and predictive control are the predominant alternatives for maximizing the operating range of dual inverters.
One of the prospects is the coupling that can be achieved in these structures with algorithms based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, which represents a promising line of research for real-time optimization of modulation strategies, fault anticipation, and improvement of the reliability of conversion systems.

5. Conclusions

The analysis confirms that dual inverters represent a high-impact solution in power electronics, offering notable improvements in efficiency, power quality, and reliability compared to traditional inverters. A comprehensive review of over a hundred studies highlighted the most relevant topologies and modulation strategies suited for various industrial scenarios, demonstrating that carefully selecting the combination of topology and modulation is essential to reduce harmonic distortion, optimize switching effort, and enhance DC link utilization.
Moreover, the study shows that dual inverters not only consolidate established applications, such as electric vehicles, photovoltaic systems, and microgrids, but also enable emerging applications in electric aeronautics, robotics, and fault-tolerant systems. Analysis of the modulation strategies and phase shift effects illustrates the trade-offs between harmonic content, control complexity, and energy efficiency, providing guidance for selecting optimal configurations for specific applications.
Finally, the development and implementation of advanced control and modulation techniques will be crucial to fully exploit the capabilities of dual inverters. Future research should focus on adaptive phase shift algorithms, intelligent modulation, and real-time optimization to further improve performance, reliability, and energy efficiency, supporting the transition to more sustainable, intelligent, and robust power systems. These insights provide concrete directions for both industrial implementation and future academic studies.

Author Contributions

Validation, R.E.L.-P., J.Á.P.-S. and S.P.C.; Investigation, E.Z.A.N., S.E.D.L.A. and J.A.A.; Writing—original draft, S.E.D.L.A.; Writing—review & editing, E.Z.A.N. and J.A.A.; Supervision, J.A.A., R.E.L.-P., J.Á.P.-S. and S.P.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Data Availability Statement

No new data were created or analyzed in this study. Data sharing is not applicable to this article.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the traditional inverter.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the traditional inverter.
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Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the dual inverter.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the dual inverter.
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Figure 3. Diagram of the selection process of studies included in the systematic review.
Figure 3. Diagram of the selection process of studies included in the systematic review.
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Figure 4. Publishers that have published articles on dual inverters and OEWIM connection.
Figure 4. Publishers that have published articles on dual inverters and OEWIM connection.
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Figure 5. Years of publication of articles focusing on dual inverters and induction motors.
Figure 5. Years of publication of articles focusing on dual inverters and induction motors.
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Figure 6. Classification of the structure of dual inverters with respect to the selected articles.
Figure 6. Classification of the structure of dual inverters with respect to the selected articles.
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Figure 7. Classification of the modulation type of dual inverters (OEWIM).
Figure 7. Classification of the modulation type of dual inverters (OEWIM).
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Figure 8. Applications are most commonly used by dual inverters.
Figure 8. Applications are most commonly used by dual inverters.
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Figure 9. Subareas of dual inverters.
Figure 9. Subareas of dual inverters.
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Figure 10. Dual inverter configurations, SVPWM vector structures, and modulation equations. Figures (A1–C1) illustrate the different configurations of dual inverters analyzed in this work. Subfigures (A2–C2) show the corresponding space vector structures used for the SVPWM modulation. Subfigures (A3–C3) present the mathematical equations associated with each SVPWM modulation strategy.
Figure 10. Dual inverter configurations, SVPWM vector structures, and modulation equations. Figures (A1–C1) illustrate the different configurations of dual inverters analyzed in this work. Subfigures (A2–C2) show the corresponding space vector structures used for the SVPWM modulation. Subfigures (A3–C3) present the mathematical equations associated with each SVPWM modulation strategy.
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Table 1. Comparison of traditional inverter and dual inverter.
Table 1. Comparison of traditional inverter and dual inverter.
Characteristic Conventional InverterDual Inverter
DC Bus UtilizationMedium (≤0.866 Vdc)High (≈2 × Vdc/√3)
Waveform Quality (THD)ModerateLow (better filtering)
Control ComplexityLowHigh
Fault ToleranceLimitedHigh (redundant operation)
Typical ApplicationsLow-medium power, standard controlHigh power. EVs, renewables, advanced industrial systems
Table 3. General approach of OEWIM inverters.
Table 3. General approach of OEWIM inverters.
StructureReferenceVoltage Utilization FactorSwitching StressHarmonic Spectrum (THD)Fault Tolerance Robustness
Dual Isolated Source[17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]High (almost twice that of a single inverter due to better utilization of the DC bus).Medium (requires balancing both inverters).Low THD, especially with SVPWM or advanced techniques.High, allows power transfer in case of partial faults.
Single Source with Capacitor[37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]Medium (limited by capacitor voltage).Low-Medium (fewer devices under stress).Moderate THD; more sensitive to low-order harmonics.Medium, capacitor failure may affect stability, but degraded operation is possible.
Single Source[46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56]Medium-High (utilizing the single source).Medium-High (greater complexity in energy management).Low-Medium (due to modulation complexity).Medium-High, as it combines partial redundancy with some fault tolerance.
Table 4. General structures of dual inverters.
Table 4. General structures of dual inverters.
TopologiesTopology 1Topology 2Topology 3
References[63][64][65]
Switches121212
Sources211
Diodes121212
Capacitors010
Utilization Factor-−33−15
Table 5. Modulation is used in dual inverters with different angles.
Table 5. Modulation is used in dual inverters with different angles.
Phase Shift Angle (°)Harmonic ContentDC Bus UtilizationControl ComplexityTypical ApplicationsRecommended Modulation TechniquesReference
0°HighLowLowBasic control, prototypes, low-demand systemsSynchronized SPWM, Basic SVM[66]
60°MediumMediumMediumIndustrial motors, HVAC, speed controlPhase-shifted SPWM, Coordinated SVM[67]
90°LowHighHighElectric vehicles, traction convertersPhase-shifted SPWM, Shifted SVM, Alternated DPWM[68]
120°Very lowVery highHighMulti-axis inverters, precision systems, roboticsAdvanced SVM, 120° SPWM, Balanced DPWM[69]
180°Variable (case-dependent)MediumMediumSelective harmonic suppression, improved EMCInverted SPWM, Hybrid Modulation Strategies[70]
Table 6. Summary of research on dual inverters in industrial applications.
Table 6. Summary of research on dual inverters in industrial applications.
CategoriesArticles/AuthorsDescription
Electric Vehicles[80]It uses induction motors with open windings and two inverters connected to a dual-motor system (front and rear motor) in a D4WD configuration.
[81]A control method is proposed for electric vehicles (EVs) with a dual inverter system and a battery.
[82]In this article, one of the inverters is powered by a floating capacitor, so that the supply voltage remains constant.
[83]It provides a comprehensive overview of potential faults in EV motor drive systems and batteries.
[84]This paper proposes an operating strategy for a frequency converter for an open-ended induction motor powered by MI and T-type inverters, using MATLAB/SIMULINK.
Dual Inverter Failures[85]This article presents the ability of the open-end winding of a dual inverter to manage faults and continue operating when they occur.
[86]This article proposes a fault tolerance function for the DC bus battery.
[87]A zero-sequence current suppression strategy is proposed for a common DC bus subjected to a phase break fault.
[88]It provides a robust predictive current control scheme for an induction motor (OEWIM).
Modulation of dual inverters[89]A modulation method is proposed to maximize the output power of the inverter and motor with reduced losses and harmonics.
[90]A space vector-based pulse density modulation scheme is presented to eliminate zero-sequence voltage.
[91]A clamping modulation technique is proposed to reduce and balance power losses in a dual inverter with an isolated DC bus.
[92]A unified modulation (SVPWM) is proposed for a dual inverter with two isolated DC voltage sources.
[93]A carrier-based modulation technique is proposed for fault-tolerant operation in a dual inverter drive system.
Aircraft (MEA)[94]This article presents a comprehensive review of different dual inverter-based structures. To meet the stringent requirements of MEA applications, three performance aspects are considered: voltage, inverter output, and fault tolerance.
Industrial applications (Robotic systems)[95]The objective of this work is to develop a field-oriented control (FOC) algorithm for a stepper motor adapted to a dual inverter.
THD reduction[96]In this article, NSPWM adapted for a dual VSI inverter powered by isolated DC sources is proposed to minimize total harmonic distortion (THD) of the voltage.
Grid-connected photovoltaic system[97]This research analyzes the potential benefit of a novel three-phase dual-system power inverter over the conventional inverter used in a solar power plant.
Review of articles related to dual inverters[98]An overview of each type of model is provided, along with its respective advantages and disadvantages for modeling different types of faults.
[99]This article provides a general overview of induction motor (IM) drive systems and analyzes various control methodologies, both in voltage and current.
[100]This article presents a detailed review of fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control methods of the MMC in the event of SM faults.
[101,102]The possible damage caused to induction motors under different conditions is analyzed in detail.
Table 7. Areas of opportunity for dual inverters.
Table 7. Areas of opportunity for dual inverters.
Energy SectorCurrent ProblemsBenefit of Dual OEWIM Inverters
Renewables (solar/wind)Generation variability, grid instabilityBetter voltage control, stable and flexible integration
Electric transportationHigh maintenance costs, critical failures on the roadContinuous operation under faults, higher reliability and safety
Industry and manufacturingDowntime due to failures, high energy consumptionLower harmonic losses, operational continuity
Energy storageLow efficiency in charge/discharge cyclesDynamic optimization of energy flows
Smart grids and microgridsOverloads and intermittencyReal-time adaptation, resilience, and efficient distribution
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Adame Najera, E.Z.; De León Aldaco, S.E.; Aguayo Alquicira, J.; Lozoya-Ponce, R.E.; Pecina-Sánchez, J.Á.; Portillo Contreras, S. A Survey on Topologies and Modulation Strategies of Dual Inverters in Industrial Applications. Eng 2025, 6, 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6110316

AMA Style

Adame Najera EZ, De León Aldaco SE, Aguayo Alquicira J, Lozoya-Ponce RE, Pecina-Sánchez JÁ, Portillo Contreras S. A Survey on Topologies and Modulation Strategies of Dual Inverters in Industrial Applications. Eng. 2025; 6(11):316. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6110316

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adame Najera, Erick Zain, Susana Estefany De León Aldaco, Jesus Aguayo Alquicira, Ricardo Eliu Lozoya-Ponce, José Ángel Pecina-Sánchez, and Samuel Portillo Contreras. 2025. "A Survey on Topologies and Modulation Strategies of Dual Inverters in Industrial Applications" Eng 6, no. 11: 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6110316

APA Style

Adame Najera, E. Z., De León Aldaco, S. E., Aguayo Alquicira, J., Lozoya-Ponce, R. E., Pecina-Sánchez, J. Á., & Portillo Contreras, S. (2025). A Survey on Topologies and Modulation Strategies of Dual Inverters in Industrial Applications. Eng, 6(11), 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6110316

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