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Sustainable Chemistry
Volume 2
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10.3390/suschem2010004
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Article

Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol

by
Narisetty Vivek
1,2,3,
Nishant Gopalan
2,3,4,
Satyajit Das
5,
Keerthi Sasikumar
2,3,
Raveendran Sindhu
2,
Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
2,
Ashok Pandey
6 and
Parameswaran Binod
2,*
1
Centre for Climate and Environmental Protection, School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
2
Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
3
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
4
Biotechnology Engineering Department, VVP Engineering College, Virda-Vajadi, Kalawad Road, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
5
Photosciences and Photonics Section, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695019, Kerala, India
6
Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustain. Chem. 2021, 2(1), 49-62; https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004
Submission received: 27 November 2020 / Revised: 22 January 2021 / Accepted: 25 January 2021 / Published: 2 February 2021
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Abstract

In this study, chitosan-based composite films blended with a dextran like exopolysaccharide derived from lactic acid bacteria were prepared using the solvent casting method. Later, these composite films were plasticized with 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) produced biologically using biodiesel derived crude glycerol. Further, their physical properties, such as tensile strength, water vapor barrier, thermal behavior, and antioxidant properties, were tested. In comparison to the control chitosan-exopolysaccharide films, 1,3-PDO plasticized films increased tensile strengths (20.08 vs. 43.33 MPa) with an elongation percentage (%E) of 20.73, which was two times more than the control films. As a polymer composite, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum displayed the characteristic peaks at 1000 cm−1, 1500 cm−1, and 3000–3500 cm−1 to describe the functional groups related to chitosan, exopolysaccharide, and 1,3-PDOThe thermogravimetric analysis displayed a significant three-step degradation at 100–105 °C, 250–400 °C, and 600 °C, where 100% of the films were degraded. The plasticized films were observed to have enhanced water solubility (51%) and rate of moisture absorption (193%). The plasticized films displayed enhanced physico-chemical properties, anti-oxidant properties, and were100% biodegradable.
Keywords: chitosan; exopolysaccharides; 1,3-propanediol; plasticizer; composites chitosan; exopolysaccharides; 1,3-propanediol; plasticizer; composites
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MDPI and ACS Style

Vivek, N.; Gopalan, N.; Das, S.; Sasikumar, K.; Sindhu, R.; Nampoothiri, K.M.; Pandey, A.; Binod, P. Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol. Sustain. Chem. 2021, 2, 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004

AMA Style

Vivek N, Gopalan N, Das S, Sasikumar K, Sindhu R, Nampoothiri KM, Pandey A, Binod P. Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2(1):49-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vivek, Narisetty, Nishant Gopalan, Satyajit Das, Keerthi Sasikumar, Raveendran Sindhu, Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri, Ashok Pandey, and Parameswaran Binod. 2021. "Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol" Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1: 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004

APA Style

Vivek, N., Gopalan, N., Das, S., Sasikumar, K., Sindhu, R., Nampoothiri, K. M., Pandey, A., & Binod, P. (2021). Synthesis and Characterization of Transparent Biodegradable Chitosan: Exopolysaccharide Composite Films Plasticized by Bio-Derived 1,3-Propanediol. Sustainable Chemistry, 2(1), 49-62. https://doi.org/10.3390/suschem2010004

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