Tunnel Spin-Polarization of Ferromagnetic Metals and Ferrimagnetic Oxides and Its Effect on Tunnel Magnetoresistance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
Compound | P0 | TC, K | g, T−3/2 |
---|---|---|---|
Fe | 0.44 [40] | 1043 | 2.969 × 10−5 |
Co | 0.34 [40] | 1400 | 1.909 × 10−5 |
LSMO | 0.85 [41] | ~300 1 | 1.925 × 10−4 |
SFMO | 0.72 2 [34] | 420 | 1.162 × 10−4 |
SCRO | 0.69 2 [37] | 635 | 6.249 × 10−5 |
Fe3O4 | 0.55 [42] | 858 | 3.379 × 10−5 |
4. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Baibich, M.N.; Broto, J.M.; Fert, A.; Nguyen Van Dau, F.; Petroff, F.; Etienne, P.; Creuzet, G.; Friederich, A.; Chazelas, J. Giant magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001) Cr magnetic superlattices. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 61, 2472–2475. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Binasch, G.; Grünberg, P.; Saurenbach, F.; Zinn, W. Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange. Phys. Rev. B 1989, 39, 4828–4830. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Peng, S.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, W. Magnetic Tunnel Junctions for Spintronics: Principles and Applications; Wiley: Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2014; pp. 1–16. [Google Scholar]
- Dieny, B.; Prejbeanu, I.L.; Garello, K.; Gambardella, P.; Freitas, P.; Lehndorff, R.; Raberg, W.; Ebels, U.; Demokritov, S.O.; Akerman, J.; et al. Opportunities and challenges for spintronics in the microelectronic industry. Nat. Electron. 2020, 3, 446–459. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tedrow, P.M.; Meservey, R. Spin-dependent tunneling into ferromagnetic nickel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1971, 26, 192–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Julliere, M. Tunnelling between FM films. Phys. Lett. A 1975, 54, 225–226. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Miyazaki, T.; Tezuka, N. Giant magnetic tunneling effect in Fe/Al2O3/Fe junction. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 1995, 139, L231–L234. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Moodera, J.S.; Kinder, L.R.; Wong, T.M.; Meservey, R. Large magnetoresistance at room temperature in ferromagnetic thin film tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1995, 74, 3273–3276. [Google Scholar]
- Butler, W.H.; Zhang, X.-G.; Schulthess, T.C.; MacLaren, J.M. Spin-dependent tunneling conductance of Fe|MgO|Fe sandwiches. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 054416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Mathon, J.; Umerski, A. Theory of tunneling magnetoresistance of an epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe(001) junction. Phys. Rev. B 2001, 63, 220403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Parkin, S.P.; Kaiser, C.; Panchula, A.; Rice, P.M.; Hughes, B.; Samant, M.; Yang, S.H. Giant tunnelling magnetoresistance at room temperature with MgO(100) tunnel barriers. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 862–867. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Yuasa, S.; Nagahama, T.; Fukushima, A.; Suzuki, Y.; Ando, K. Giant roomtemperature magnetoresistance in single-crystal Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Nat. Mater. 2004, 3, 868–871. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bibes, M.; Barthélémy, A. Oxide Spintronics. IEEE Trans. Electron. Dev. 2007, 54, 1003–1023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Slonczewski, J. Conductance and exchange coupling of two ferromagnets separated by a tunneling barrier. Phys. Rev. B 1989, 39, 6995–7002. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MacLaren, J.M.; Zhang, X.-G.; Butler, W.H. Validity of the Julliere model of spin-dependent tunneling. Phys. Rev. B 1997, 56, 11827–11832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Opel, M.; Geprägs, S.; Menzel, E.P.; Nielsen, A.; Reisinger, D.; Nielsen, K.-W.; Brandlmaier, A.; Czeschka, F.D.; Althammer, M.; Weiler, M.; et al. Novel multifunctional materials based on oxide thin films and artificial heteroepitaxial multilayers. Phys. Status Solidi A 2011, 208, 232–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- De Teresa, J.M.; Barthélémy, A.; Fert, A.; Contour, J.P.; Montaigne, F.; Seneor, P. Role of metal-oxide interface in determining the spin polarization of magnetic tunnel junctions. Science 1999, 286, 507–509. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, S.; Levy, P.M. Models for magnetoresistance in tunnel junctions. Eur. Phys. J. B 1999, 10, 599–606. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tsymbal, E.Y.; Pettifor, D.G. The influence of impurities within the barrier on tunneling magnetoresistance. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 85, 5801–5803. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kobayashi, K.I.; Kimura, T.; Sawada, H.; Terakura, K.; Tokura, Y. Room-temperature magnetoresistance in an oxide material with an ordered double-perovskite structure. Nature 1998, 395, 677–680. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gadzuk, J.W. Band-structure effects in the field-induced tunneling of electrons from metals. Phys. Rev. 1969, 182, 416–426. [Google Scholar]
- Mazin, I.I. How to define and calculate the degree of spin polarization in ferromagnets. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1999, 83, 1427–1430. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Soulen, R.J., Jr.; Byers, J.M.; Osofsky, M.S.; Nadgorny, B.; Ambrose, T.; Cheng, S.F.; Broussard, P.R.; Tanaka, C.T.; Nowak, J.; Moodera, J.S.; et al. Measuring the spin polarization of a metal with a superconducting point contact. Science 1998, 282, 85–88. [Google Scholar] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Feder, R.; Pleyer, H. On the feasibility of studying surface magnetism by spin-polarized low-energy electron diffraction. Surf. Sci. 1982, 117, 285–293. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Shang, C.H.; Nowak, J.; Jansen, R.; Moodera, J.S. Temperature dependence of magnetoresistance and surface magnetization in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions. Phys. Rev. B 1998, 58, R2917–R2920. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Meservy, R.; Tedrow, P.M. Spin polarized electron tunneling. Phys. Rep. 1994, 238, 173–243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pierce, D.T.; Celotta, R.J.; Unguris, J.; Siegmann, H. Spin-dependent elastic scattering of electrons from a ferromagnetic glass. Ni40Fe40B20. Phys. Rev. B 1982, 26, 2566–2574. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MacDonald, A.H.; Jungwirth, T.; Kasner, M. Temperature dependence of itinerant electron junction magnetoresistance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 81, 705–708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mauri, D.; Scholl, D.; Siegmann, H.C.; Kay, E. Observation of the exchange interaction at the surface of a ferromagnet. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1988, 61, 758–761. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mills, D.L.; Maradudin, A.A. Some thermodynamic properties of a semi-infinite Heisenberg ferromagnet. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 1967, 28, 1855–1874. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Garcia, V.; Bibes, M.; Barthélémy, A.; Bowen, M.; Jacquet, E.; Contour, J.-P.; Fert, A. Temperature dependence of the interfacial spin polarization of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3. Phys. Rev. B 2004, 69, 052403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Balcells, L.; Navarro, J.; Bibes, M.; Roig, A.; Martínez, B.; Fontcuberta, J. Cationic ordering control of magnetization in Sr2FeMoO6 double perovskite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 781–783. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Kou, X.; Schmalhorst, J.; Thomas, A.; Reiss, G. Temperature dependence of the resistance of magnetic tunnel junctions with MgO barrier. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 88, 212115. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Artsiukh, E.; Suchaneck, G. Intergranular magnetoresistance of strontium ferromolybdate ceramics caused by spin-polarized tunneling. Open Ceram. 2021, 7, 100171. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Suchaneck, G.; Artiukh, E.; Sobolev, N.A.; Telesh, E.; Kalanda, N.; Kiselev, D.A.; Ilina, T.S.; Gerlach, G. Strontium ferromolybdate-based magnetic tunnel junctions. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 2717. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kato, H.; Okuda, T.; Okimoto, Y.; Tomioka, Y.; Takenoya, Y.; Ohkubo, A.; Kawasaki, M.; Tokura, Y. Metallic ordered double-perovskite Sr2CrReO6 with maximal Curie temperature of 635 K. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 328–330. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Vaitheeswaran, G.; Kanchana, V.; Delin, A. Pseudo-half-metallicity in the double perovskite Sr2CrReO6 from density-functional calculations. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2005, 86, 032513. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Geprägs, S.; Czeschka, F.D.; Opel, M.; Goennenwein, S.T.B.; Yu, W.; Mader, W.; Gross, R. Epitaxial growth and magnetic properties of Sr2CrReO6 thin films. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 2009, 321, 2001–2004. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Tsymbal, E.Y.; Oleinik, I.I.; Pettifor, D.G. Oxygen-induced positive spin polarization from Fe into the vacuum barrier. J. Appl. Phys. 2000, 87, 5230–5232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Tedrow, P.M.; Meservey, R. Spin polarization of electrons tunneling from films of Fe, Co, Ni, and Gd. Phys. Rev. B 1973, 7, 318–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bibes, M.; Bouzehouane, K.; Barthélémy, A.; Besse, M.; Fusil, S.; Bowen, M.; Seneor, P.; Carrey, J.; Cros, V.; Vaurès, A.; et al. Tunnel magnetoresistance in nanojunctions based on Sr2FeMoO6. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 2629–2631. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alvarado, S.F.; Erbudak, M.; Munz, P. Final-state effects in the 3d photoelectron spectrum of Fe3O4 and comparison with FexO. Phys. Rev. B 1976, 14, 2740–2745. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sun, J.Z.; Gallagher, W.J.; Duncombe, P.R.; Krusin-Elbaum, L.; Altman, R.A.; Gupta, A.; Lu, Y.; Gong, G.Q.; Xiao, G. Observation of large low-field magnetoresistance in trilayer perpendicular transport devices made using doped manganate perovskites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1996, 69, 3266–3268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Li, X.W.; Lu, Y.; Gong, G.Q.; Xiao, G.; Gupta, A.; Lecoeur, P.; Sun, J.Z.; Wang, Y.Y.; Dravid, V.P. Epitaxial La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 magnetic tunnel junctions. J. Appl. Phys. 1997, 81, 5509–5511. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Bowen, M.; Bibes, M.; Barthélémy, A.; Contour, J.-P.; Anane, A.; Lemaître, Y.; Fert, A. Nearly total spin polarization in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 from tunneling experiments. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 233–235. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- O’Donnell, J.; Andrus, A.E.; Oh, S.; Colla, E.V.; Eckstein, J.N. Colossal magnetoresistance magnetic tunnel junctions grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 1914–1916. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kumar, N.; Misra, P.; Kotnala, R.K.; Gaur, A.; Katiyar, R.S. Room temperature magnetoresistance in Sr2FeMoO6/SrTiO3/Sr2FeMoO6 trilayer devices. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 2014, 47, 065006. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Matsuda, H.; Takeuchi, M.; Adachi, H.; Hiramoto, M.; Matsukawa, N.; Odagawa, A.; Setsune, K.; Sakakima, H. Fabrication and magnetoresistance properties of spin-dependent tunnel junctions using an epitaxial Fe3O4 film. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 41, L387–L390. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nagahama, T.; Matsuda, Y.; Tate, K.; Kawai, T.; Takahashi, N.; Hiratani, S.; Watanabe, Y.; Yanase, T.; Shimada, T. Magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe3O4 films with various crystal orientations and tunnel magnetoresistance effect at room temperature. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 102410. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Yasui, S.; Honda, S.; Okabayashi, J.; Yanase, T.; Shimada, T.; Nagahama, T. Large inverse tunnel magnetoresistance in magnetic tunnel junctions with an Fe3O4 electrode. Phys. Rev. Appl. 2021, 15, 034042. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Takahashi, N.; Huminiuc, T.; Yamamoto, Y.; Yanase, T.; Shimada, T.; Hirohata, A.; Nagahama, T. Fabrication of epitaxial Fe3O4 film on a Si(111) substrate. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 7009. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Green Version]
- Jansen, A.R.; Moodera, J.S. Enhanced tunnel magnetoresistance in Fe-doped Al2O3 barriers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75, 400–402. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. |
© 2022 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Suchaneck, G. Tunnel Spin-Polarization of Ferromagnetic Metals and Ferrimagnetic Oxides and Its Effect on Tunnel Magnetoresistance. Electron. Mater. 2022, 3, 227-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030019
Suchaneck G. Tunnel Spin-Polarization of Ferromagnetic Metals and Ferrimagnetic Oxides and Its Effect on Tunnel Magnetoresistance. Electronic Materials. 2022; 3(3):227-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030019
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuchaneck, Gunnar. 2022. "Tunnel Spin-Polarization of Ferromagnetic Metals and Ferrimagnetic Oxides and Its Effect on Tunnel Magnetoresistance" Electronic Materials 3, no. 3: 227-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat3030019