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Article

Sildenafil-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Anal Fissure Wound Healing—A Combined Experimental/Molecular Docking Study

by
Mahboubeh Dolatyari
1,2,
Parisa Rostami
3,
Mahsa Hejazad
3,
Ali Rostami
1,2,4,5,*,
Manouchehr Khoshbaten
3,
Mahdi Dolatyari
6,
Hamit Mirtagioglu
7 and
Axel Klein
8,*
1
SP-EPT Lab., ASEPE Company, Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies, Tabriz 5364191686, Iran
2
Next Matter Nano Tech Lab, NAREKS Company, 09900 Nazilli, Türkiye
3
Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Golgasht Street, Tabriz 516615731, Iran
4
Photonics and Nanocrystal Research Lab. (PNRL), University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166614761, Iran
5
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Ege University, 35040 Izmir, Türkiye
6
Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
7
Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science and Literature, University of Bitlis Eren, 13000 Bitlis, Türkiye
8
Institute for Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 6, D-50939 Cologne, Germany
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Nano 2026, 7(2), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano7020017
Submission received: 8 April 2026 / Revised: 27 May 2026 / Accepted: 13 June 2026 / Published: 19 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Topic Advanced Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery Systems)
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Abstract

PVP-stabilized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were functionalized with sildenafil (Sil), leading to spherical NPs (Ag@Sil NPs) with a size of about 30 nm as observed through transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Fourier-transformed IR spectroscopy confirmed the covering of the particles with Sil. The Ag@Sil NPs were incorporated into a 0.1 wt% ointment and tested for the treatment of acute anal fissures in a preliminary medical study involving 50 patients. Typical symptoms such as pain, bleeding, itching, and mass sensation were improved in the intervention group with no adverse effects. Molecular docking showed strong interactions with docking scores slightly above −10 kcal/mol between sildenafil and two different model complexes [Ag–Sil]+ for the Ag-bound sildenafil with either piperazine-N- or pyrazole-N-bound Ag+ ions and the muscarinic M2 and the nicotinic acetylcholine α3β4 receptor, which are both involved in anal sphincter regulation. All three showed superior binding compared with nitroglycerin and L-arginine. The residue analysis revealed a higher number of relevant interactions for the sildenafil and the two Ag+ complexes, compared to nitroglycerin and L-arginine, fully in line with the differences in the docking scores.
Keywords: silver nanoparticles; sildenafil; molecular docking; topical therapy; anal fissure silver nanoparticles; sildenafil; molecular docking; topical therapy; anal fissure
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MDPI and ACS Style

Dolatyari, M.; Rostami, P.; Hejazad, M.; Rostami, A.; Khoshbaten, M.; Dolatyari, M.; Mirtagioglu, H.; Klein, A. Sildenafil-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Anal Fissure Wound Healing—A Combined Experimental/Molecular Docking Study. Appl. Nano 2026, 7, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano7020017

AMA Style

Dolatyari M, Rostami P, Hejazad M, Rostami A, Khoshbaten M, Dolatyari M, Mirtagioglu H, Klein A. Sildenafil-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Anal Fissure Wound Healing—A Combined Experimental/Molecular Docking Study. Applied Nano. 2026; 7(2):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano7020017

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dolatyari, Mahboubeh, Parisa Rostami, Mahsa Hejazad, Ali Rostami, Manouchehr Khoshbaten, Mahdi Dolatyari, Hamit Mirtagioglu, and Axel Klein. 2026. "Sildenafil-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Anal Fissure Wound Healing—A Combined Experimental/Molecular Docking Study" Applied Nano 7, no. 2: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano7020017

APA Style

Dolatyari, M., Rostami, P., Hejazad, M., Rostami, A., Khoshbaten, M., Dolatyari, M., Mirtagioglu, H., & Klein, A. (2026). Sildenafil-Coated Silver Nanoparticles for Anal Fissure Wound Healing—A Combined Experimental/Molecular Docking Study. Applied Nano, 7(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/applnano7020017

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