Influencing Factors on Oyster Recruitment and Performance Evaluation for Oyster Reef Restoration in Tianjin Coastal Zones
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Site Description
2.2. Oyster Recruitment Experiments
2.2.1. Effects of Three Restoration Methods on Oyster Recruitment in Intertidal and Subtidal Zones
2.2.2. Effects of Seeding with Juvenile Oysters, Shell Orientation, and Hanging Height of Shell Cultches on Oyster Recruitment
2.2.3. Effects of Environmental Variables at Different Restoration Sites on Oyster Recruitment
2.3. Statistical Methods
2.4. Comprehensive Performance Evaluation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison of Three Restoration Methods in the Intertidal Zone and the Subtidal Zone
3.2. Effects of Seeding with Juvenile Oyster, Shell Orientation, and Hanging Height of Cultches on Oyster Recruitment
3.3. Comparison of Intertidal Zone and Subtidal Zone and the Driving Environmental Factors
3.4. Evaluation of Different Restoration Methods in Intertidal and Subtidal Zones
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group No. | Zone Type | Seeding with Juvenile Oyster | Restoration Method | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intertidal Zone | Subtidal Zone | With Seeding | Without Seeding | Mesh Bag | Shell String | Mesh Cage | |
M1 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
M2 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
M3 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N1 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N2 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N3 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N4 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N5 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ | ||||
N6 | ◯ | ◯ | ◯ |
Restoration Method | Score A (Cost) | Score B (Settlement Abundance) | Score C (Average Daily Growth) | Score D (Marine Water Quality) | Score E (Reef Sedimentation) | Total Score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 37.21 | 10.92 | 37.74 | 5.08 | 5 | 95.95 |
M2 | 26.49 | 98.98 | 39.34 | 5.03 | 5 | 174.84 |
M3 | 18.80 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.39 | 5 | 28.19 |
N1 | 30.45 | 31.47 | 28.58 | 5 | 5 | 100.50 |
N2 | 31.79 | 26.97 | 27.27 | 5 | 5 | 96.03 |
N3 | 31.36 | 22.80 | 27.73 | 5 | 5 | 91.89 |
N4 | 27.69 | 37.32 | 32.82 | 5 | 5 | 107.83 |
N5 | 29.73 | 31.70 | 31.52 | 5 | 5 | 102.95 |
N6 | 29.35 | 29.74 | 32.08 | 5 | 5 | 101.17 |
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Zhao, Y.; Yang, C.; Zhang, B.; Li, Y.; Tu, J.; Niu, F.; Kong, W.; Wang, Z.; Liu, X. Influencing Factors on Oyster Recruitment and Performance Evaluation for Oyster Reef Restoration in Tianjin Coastal Zones. Oceans 2025, 6, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020020
Zhao Y, Yang C, Zhang B, Li Y, Tu J, Niu F, Kong W, Wang Z, Liu X. Influencing Factors on Oyster Recruitment and Performance Evaluation for Oyster Reef Restoration in Tianjin Coastal Zones. Oceans. 2025; 6(2):20. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020020
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhao, Yuxuan, Chen Yang, Bo Zhang, Yanping Li, Jianbo Tu, Fuxin Niu, Wenliang Kong, Zhiyun Wang, and Xianhua Liu. 2025. "Influencing Factors on Oyster Recruitment and Performance Evaluation for Oyster Reef Restoration in Tianjin Coastal Zones" Oceans 6, no. 2: 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020020
APA StyleZhao, Y., Yang, C., Zhang, B., Li, Y., Tu, J., Niu, F., Kong, W., Wang, Z., & Liu, X. (2025). Influencing Factors on Oyster Recruitment and Performance Evaluation for Oyster Reef Restoration in Tianjin Coastal Zones. Oceans, 6(2), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/oceans6020020