The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
Procedure
2.2. Measures
2.3. 3-Month follow-up Measures
Personality Traits
Type-D (DS-14)
Alexithymia (TAS-20)
2.4. Resilience
2.5. Dependent Variables
2.6. Intervention
2.7. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Cluster Analysis
3.2. Cluster Differences for Emotion Oriented Coping
3.3. Cluster Differences for Task Oriented Coping
3.4. Cluster Differences for Avoidant Coping
3.5. Cluster Differences for PTSD Symptoms
3.6. Secondary Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mean (SD) or Percentages (N) | Observed Range | |
---|---|---|
Gender, male % | 84.4 (130) | |
Age | 58.96 (9.99) | 33–84 |
Type D personality, % | 16.2 (25) | |
Alexithymia | 41.26 (10.45) | 21–68 |
Resilience | 61.23 (11.11) | 20–77 |
Emotion-oriented coping | 19.33 (5.86) | 8–35 |
Task-oriented coping | 29.86 (5.62) | 8–40 |
Avoidant coping | 22.36 (6.96) | 8–40 |
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms at 3-month follow-up | 10.64 (10.52) | 0–54 |
Reexperiencing symptoms at 3-month follow-up | 2.73 (4.12) | 0–21 |
Avoidance symptoms at 3-month follow-up | 2.94 (4.34) | 0–25 |
Hyperarousal symptoms at 3-month follow-up | 4.94 (4.38) | 0–19 |
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms at 12-month follow-up | 9.50 (8.74) | 0–52 |
Reexperiencing symptoms at 12-month follow-up | 2.07 (3.14) | 0–18 |
Avoidance symptoms at 12-month follow-up | 2.96 (4.11) | 0–18 |
Hyperarousal symptoms at 12-month follow-up | 4.38 (3.78) | 0–16 |
Personality Cluster | N | Type D Personality | Alexithymia Mean (SD) | Resilience Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 61 | no | 33.50 (6.39) | 70.00 (4.41) |
2 | 60 | no | 43.96 (7.44) | 56.73 (9.92) |
3 | 25 | yes | 53.73 (9.43) | 49.61 (9.91) |
Total | 146 | - | 41.26 (10.45) | 61.05 (11.33) |
Mean differences (F values) | - | 72.88 (p < 0.001) | 71.05 (p < 0.001) | |
Effect size | - | 0.71 | 0.70 | |
Post hoc analysis | 3 > all All > 3 | 1 > all All > 3 |
N | Mean (SD) | Lower than | Higher than | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emotion-Oriented Coping | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 15.81 (5.12) | 2 *** 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 20.02 (4.67) | 3 *** | 1 *** |
3. High-Risk | 25 | 26.32 (3.65) | 1 *** 2 *** | |
Task-Oriented Coping | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 32.31 (5.70) | 2 *** 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 28.24 (5.07) | 1 *** | |
3. High-Risk | 25 | 27.38 (5.74) | 1 *** | |
Avoidant Coping | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 24.02 (8.19) | 2 * | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 20.95 (5.85) | 1 * | |
3. High-Risk | 25 | 21.06 (5.79) | ||
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms at 3-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 6.90 (6.86) | 2 * 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 11.57 (10.81) | 3 ** | 1 * |
3. High-Risk | 25 | 19.20 (13.07) | 1 *** 2 * | |
Re-experiencing at 3-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 1.80 (2.98) | 3 ** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 2.97 (4.64) | ||
3. High-Risk | 25 | 5.12 (4.82) | 1 ** | |
Avoidance at 3-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 1.52 (2.95) | 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 3.18 (3.97) | ||
3. High-Risk | 25 | 6.44 (1.29) | 1 *** | |
Hyperarousal at 3-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 61 | 3.54 (2.96) | 2 * 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 60 | 5.42 (4.62) | 3 * | 1 * |
3. High-Risk | 25 | 7.88 (5.39) | 1 *** 2 * | |
Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms at 12-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 43 | 6.79 (7.30) | 2 (p = 0.06) 3 * | |
2. Medium-Risk | 39 | 11.15 (10.08) | 1 (p = 0.06) | |
3. High-Risk | 18 | 12.83 (6.93) | 1* | |
Re-experiencing at 12-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 43 | 1.49 (2.58) | ||
2. Medium-Risk | 39 | 2.54 (3.69) | ||
3. High-Risk | 18 | 2.67 (3.16) | ||
Avoidance at 12-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 43 | 2.23 (3.46) | ||
2. Medium-Risk | 39 | 4.00 (4.88) | ||
3. High-Risk | 18 | 2.44 (3.35) | ||
Hyperarousal at 12-month follow-up | ||||
1. Low-Risk | 43 | 3.07 (2.81) | 3 *** | |
2. Medium-Risk | 39 | 4.62 (4.10) | 3 * | |
3. High-Risk | 18 | 7.17 (3.71) | 1 *** 2 * |
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Princip, M.; von Känel, R.; Zuccarella-Hackl, C.; Meister-Langraf, R.E.; Znoj, H.; Schmid, J.-P.; Barth, J.; Schnyder, U.; Jimenez-Gonzalo, L.; Ledermann, K. The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach. Psych 2022, 4, 774-787. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4040057
Princip M, von Känel R, Zuccarella-Hackl C, Meister-Langraf RE, Znoj H, Schmid J-P, Barth J, Schnyder U, Jimenez-Gonzalo L, Ledermann K. The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach. Psych. 2022; 4(4):774-787. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4040057
Chicago/Turabian StylePrincip, Mary, Roland von Känel, Claudia Zuccarella-Hackl, Rebecca E. Meister-Langraf, Hansjörg Znoj, Jean-Paul Schmid, Jürgen Barth, Ulrich Schnyder, Lucia Jimenez-Gonzalo, and Katharina Ledermann. 2022. "The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach" Psych 4, no. 4: 774-787. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4040057
APA StylePrincip, M., von Känel, R., Zuccarella-Hackl, C., Meister-Langraf, R. E., Znoj, H., Schmid, J.-P., Barth, J., Schnyder, U., Jimenez-Gonzalo, L., & Ledermann, K. (2022). The Influence of Personality Traits on Specific Coping Styles and the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms following Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Cluster Analytic Approach. Psych, 4(4), 774-787. https://doi.org/10.3390/psych4040057