A Survey on Optimal Channel Estimation Methods for RIS-Aided Communication Systems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. System Models for RIS-Assisted Systems
2.1. MISO Systems
2.1.1. System Model
2.1.2. Problem Formulation
2.2. MIMO Systems
2.2.1. Cell-Free Communication System
- Scenario Caption and Signal Model
- Channel Model of Cell-Free Communication System
2.2.2. Cell Communication System
- Channel Model
- Channel Aging
3. Channel Estimation in the RIS-Assisted Communication Systems
3.1. S-CSI and I-CSI
3.2. MISO Systems
3.2.1. Alternating Optimization with the Semidefinite Relaxation (SDR) Technique
3.2.2. PPO Algorithm
3.2.3. Pseudocode of Asynchronous One-Step Q-Learning
3.3. MIMO Systems
3.3.1. Three-Dimensional Multiple Measurement Vector (3D-MMV) and the Look Ahead Orthogonal Match Pursuit (3D-MLAOMP) Algorithm
3.3.2. Two-Stage Based Cascaded Channel Estimation for a Multi-User System
3.3.3. Algorithm for an RIS-Assisted AB-HBF System
3.3.4. Channel Estimation Algorithms for the Cases with Long-Term Imperfection (LTI) and Short-Term Imperfection (STI)
4. Results of the Proposed Algorithms
4.1. MISO Systems
4.2. MIMO Systems
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgment
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
1D | 1 dimension |
3D | 3 dimensions |
3D-MLAOMP | 3D-MMV look ahead orthogonal match pursuit |
3D-MMV | Three-dimensional multiple measurement vector |
6G | Sixth-generation |
A2C | Asynchronous Advantage Actor–critic |
AB-HBF | Angular-based Hybrid Beamforming |
ADMM | Alternating Direction Method Of Multipliers |
ALS | Alternating Least Squares |
AO | Alternating Optimization |
AoA | Angle of Arrival |
AoD | Angle of Departure |
BB | Baseband |
BS | Base Station |
CPI | Conservative Policy Iteration |
CPU | Central Processing Unit |
CS | Compression Sensing |
CSI | Channel State Information |
DE | Deterministic Equivalent |
DFT | Discrete Fourier Transform |
DQN | Deep Q-networks |
EM | Expectation Maximization |
FDD | Frequency Division Duplex |
GAE | Generalized Advantage Estimator |
HBF | Hybrid Beamforming |
HOSVD | Higher-order Singular Value Decomposition |
HRIS | Hybrid RIS |
I-CSI | Instantaneous CSI |
IoVs | Internet of Vehicles |
JCEDD | Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection |
KL | Kullback–Leibler |
LMMSE | Linear MMSE |
LoS | Line of Sight |
LS | Least Squares |
LTI | Long-term Imperfection |
MDP | Markov Decision Process |
MIMO | Multiple Input-Multiple Output |
MISO | Multiple Input-Single Output |
mMIMO | massive Multiple Input-Multiple Output |
MMSE | Minimum MSE |
MMV | Multiple Measurement Vector |
MP | Message Passing |
MSE | Mean-Squared-Error |
MU-MISO | multi-user MISO |
NLoS | Non-line-of-sight |
OMP | Orthogonal Matching Pursuit |
OTFS | Orthogonal Time Frequency Space |
PARAFAC | Parallel Factor |
PDD | Penalty Double Decomposition |
PDS | Primal Double Degradation |
PPO | Proximal Policy Optimization |
QoS | Quality of Service |
RBM | Reflecting Beamforming Matrix |
RF | Radio Frequency |
RIS | Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface |
RL | Reinforcement Learning |
RZF | Regularized ZF |
S-CSI | Statistical CSI |
SE | Spectral Efficiency |
SINR | Signal-to-Interference-Plus-Noise Ratio |
STI | Short-term Imperfection |
SVD | Singular Value Decomposition |
TALS | Trilinear ALS |
TDD | Time Division Duplex |
TORCS | The Open Racing Car Simulator |
TRPO | Trust Region Policy Optimization |
UE | User Equipment |
ULA | Uniform Linear Array |
UPA | Uniform Planar Arrays |
ZF | Zero Forcing |
SDR | Semidefinite Relaxation |
SCA | Successive Convex Approximation |
DS-OMP | Double-Structured-OMP |
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System Setup | Antenna Setup | Main Results |
---|---|---|
Single-user, narrowband | MISO | |
MIMO |
| |
Multi-user, narrowband | MISO | |
Single-user, broadband | MISO |
|
MIMO |
| |
Multi-user, broadband | MISO | |
MIMO |
Antenna Setup | Contributions | Pilot Overhead/Complexity | Method’s Name | Future Research/Results | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MISO |
|
|
| [74] | |
MISO |
|
|
|
| [4] |
MISO |
|
|
| [92] | |
MIMO |
|
|
|
| [1] |
MIMO |
|
|
|
| [80] |
MIMO |
|
|
|
| [79] |
MIMO |
|
|
| [17] | |
MIMO |
|
|
|
| [2] |
MIMO |
|
|
|
| [26] |
| |||||
MIMO |
|
|
| [25] | |
MIMO |
|
|
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| [3] |
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Drampalou, S.F.; Miridakis, N.I.; Leligou, H.C.; Karkazis, P.A. A Survey on Optimal Channel Estimation Methods for RIS-Aided Communication Systems. Signals 2023, 4, 208-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals4010012
Drampalou SF, Miridakis NI, Leligou HC, Karkazis PA. A Survey on Optimal Channel Estimation Methods for RIS-Aided Communication Systems. Signals. 2023; 4(1):208-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals4010012
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrampalou, Stamatia F., Nikolaos I. Miridakis, Helen C. Leligou, and Panagiotis A. Karkazis. 2023. "A Survey on Optimal Channel Estimation Methods for RIS-Aided Communication Systems" Signals 4, no. 1: 208-234. https://doi.org/10.3390/signals4010012