Using Geophysics to Locate Holocaust Era Mass Graves in Jewish Cemeteries: Examples from Latvia and Lithuania
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Background
2.1. Related Research
2.2. The Final Solution in Latvia and Lithuania
2.2.1. Riga, Latvia
2.2.2. Liepaja, Latvia
2.2.3. Kaunas, Lithuania
3. Materials and Methodology
3.1. Research Design
- Can Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) successfully identify subsurface anomalies at the Zaliakalnis, Old Jewish, and Livas Cemeteries?
- Will the GPR and ERT data, in conjunction with air photo assessment, both indicate similar anomalous features at the same location within the cemeteries?
- Do the identified anomalies possess characteristics that can be correlated with mass graves from the Holocaust?
- Do these anomalies correlate with information from literature sources and testimony-based information for the three sites?
- Will the results from this research provide the impetus for future research at these and other Jewish Cemeteries in Latvia, Lithuania, and beyond?
3.2. Methodological Background
3.3. Data Collection
3.3.1. Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR)
3.3.2. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)
3.3.3. Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) and Land Surveying
3.3.4. Literature Sources and Survivor Testimony
4. Results
4.1. The Old Jewish Cemetery in Riga
4.2. Zaliakalnis Cemetery in Kaunas
4.3. The Jewish Section of the Livas Cemetery in Liepaja
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions and Outcomes
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reeder, P.; Jol, H.; McClymont, A.; Bauman, P.; Barrow, M. Using Geophysics to Locate Holocaust Era Mass Graves in Jewish Cemeteries: Examples from Latvia and Lithuania. Heritage 2024, 7, 3766-3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7070179
Reeder P, Jol H, McClymont A, Bauman P, Barrow M. Using Geophysics to Locate Holocaust Era Mass Graves in Jewish Cemeteries: Examples from Latvia and Lithuania. Heritage. 2024; 7(7):3766-3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7070179
Chicago/Turabian StyleReeder, Philip, Harry Jol, Alastair McClymont, Paul Bauman, and Michael Barrow. 2024. "Using Geophysics to Locate Holocaust Era Mass Graves in Jewish Cemeteries: Examples from Latvia and Lithuania" Heritage 7, no. 7: 3766-3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7070179
APA StyleReeder, P., Jol, H., McClymont, A., Bauman, P., & Barrow, M. (2024). Using Geophysics to Locate Holocaust Era Mass Graves in Jewish Cemeteries: Examples from Latvia and Lithuania. Heritage, 7(7), 3766-3798. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7070179