Optimization of Alachlor Photocatalytic Degradation with Nano-TiO2 in Water under Solar Illumination: Reaction Pathway and Mineralization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experiments
2.1. Materials
2.2. Photocatalytic Activity and Analyses
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. UV–Vis Spectral Changes
3.2. Effect of TiO2 Dosages on Photodegradation
3.3. Effect of Temperature on Photodegradation
3.4. Effect of Initial pH on Photodegradation
3.5. Effect of Light Intensity on Photodegradation
3.6. Effect of Illumination Time
3.7. Evolution of the Mineralization
3.8. Photoproducts and Photodegradation Pathway
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Atom | PC | FED | Atom | PC | FED |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C (1) | −0.074 | 0.174 | H (20) | 0.133 | 0 |
C (2) | −0.138 | 0.132 | H (21) | 0.139 | 0.001 |
C (3) | −0.141 | 0.191 | H (22) | 0.042 | 0.012 |
C (4) | −0.140 | 0.114 | H (23) | 0.042 | 0.012 |
C (5) | −0.055 | 0.207 | H (24) | 0.122 | 0.003 |
C (6) | 0.092 | 0.331 | H (25) | 0.122 | 0.003 |
N (7) | −0.316 | 0. 233 | H (26) | 0.062 | 0 |
C (8) | 0.149 | 0.116 | H (27) | 0.062 | 0 |
C (9) | 0.331 | 0.125 | H (28) | 0.114 | 0.004 |
C (10) | −0.159 | 0.088 | H (29) | 0.102 | 0.010 |
O (11) | −0.288 | 0.065 | H (30) | 0.102 | 0.010 |
Cl (12) | −0.083 | 0.062 | H (31) | 0.070 | 0.001 |
O (13) | −0.273 | 0.023 | H (32) | 0.070 | 0.001 |
C (14) | −0.068 | 0.022 | H (33) | 0.073 | 0 |
C (15) | −0.123 | 0.009 | H (34) | 0.105 | 0.015 |
C (16) | –0.202 | 0.001 | H (35) | 0.105 | 0.015 |
C (17) | −0.116 | 0.018 | H (36) | 0.067 | 0.001 |
C (18) | −0.209 | 0.001 | H (37) | 0.067 | 0.001 |
H (19) | 0.136 | 0.001 | H (38) | 0.078 | 0 |
Product | Rt (min) | Molecular Weight (m/z) | Characteristic Ions (Abundance, %) | Compound |
---|---|---|---|---|
a | 13.1 | 149 | 57 (100) | |
134 (54) | ||||
149 (39) | ||||
b | 15.8 | 177 | 57 (100) | |
162 (86) | ||||
177 (79) | ||||
c | 17.2 | 223 | 146 (100) | |
174 (56) | ||||
223 (40) | ||||
d | 18.3 | 225 | 147 (18) | |
176 (100) | ||||
225 (10) | ||||
e | 21.7 | 251 | 160 (100) | |
174 (62) | ||||
202 (48) | ||||
f | 23.0 | 283 | 174 (100) | |
206 (32) | ||||
248 (37) | ||||
g | 23.6 | 255 | 146 (100) | |
174 (74) | ||||
223 (27) | ||||
h | 25.7 | 285 | 176 (100) | |
204 (61) | ||||
253 (36) | ||||
i | 27.1 | 285 | 176 (100) | |
204 (61) | ||||
253 (32) |
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Molla, M.A.I.; Furukawa, M.; Tateishi, I.; Katsumata, H.; Kaneco, S. Optimization of Alachlor Photocatalytic Degradation with Nano-TiO2 in Water under Solar Illumination: Reaction Pathway and Mineralization. Clean Technol. 2019, 1, 141-153. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol1010010
Molla MAI, Furukawa M, Tateishi I, Katsumata H, Kaneco S. Optimization of Alachlor Photocatalytic Degradation with Nano-TiO2 in Water under Solar Illumination: Reaction Pathway and Mineralization. Clean Technologies. 2019; 1(1):141-153. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol1010010
Chicago/Turabian StyleMolla, Md. Ashraful Islam, Mai Furukawa, Ikki Tateishi, Hideyuki Katsumata, and Satoshi Kaneco. 2019. "Optimization of Alachlor Photocatalytic Degradation with Nano-TiO2 in Water under Solar Illumination: Reaction Pathway and Mineralization" Clean Technologies 1, no. 1: 141-153. https://doi.org/10.3390/cleantechnol1010010