Desorption Kinetics of Legacy Soil Phosphorus: Implications for Non-Point Transport and Plant Uptake
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Background
1.2. Soil P Desorption Theory
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Soil Collection and Characterization
2.2. Batch and Flow-Through Experiments to Determine P Desorption Kinetics
2.2.1. Differences between Batch Tests and Flow-Through: Time, Volume, Concentration
2.2.2. Traditional Batch Test Using Constant Volume and Variable Time
2.2.3. Standard Reaction Order
2.2.4. Flow-Through Experiment
2.2.5. Batch Simulated Flow-Through (Variable Time and Volume)
2.2.6. Batch Hybrid (Constant Time, Variable Volume)
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Soil Characterization
3.2. Batch Desorption Tests
3.2.1. Traditional Batch Test
3.2.2. Batch Hybrid: Constant Time and Variable Volume
3.2.3. Batch Simulated Flow-Through Test: Variable Time and Variable Volume
3.2.4. Reaction Order Experiment
3.3. Flow-Through Experiment
3.4. Comparison of Flow-Through Experiment and Batch Test Desorption
3.5. Differences in P Desorption between Fast and Slow Flow Rates
3.6. A Closer Look at the Physio-Chemical Process of P Buffering and Desorption Kinetics
3.7. Implications for Water Quality and Fertility Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Units | Value |
---|---|---|
Bulk density | g cm−3 | 0.95 |
Total carbon | g kg−1 | 19.6 |
Total nitrogen | g kg−1 | 2.1 |
Sand | % | 24.9 |
Silt | % | 64.6 |
Clay | % | 9.5 |
Electrical conductivity | µS cm−1 | 358 |
pH | 6.13 | |
Water extractable P | mg kg−1, mg L−1 | 10.2, 1.02 |
Mehlich-3 P | mg kg−1 | 342 |
Mehlich-3 Ca | mg kg−1 | 3140 |
Mehlich-3 Al | mg kg−1 | 693 |
Mehlich-3 Fe | mg kg−1 | 319 |
DPSM3 | % | 35.1 |
POx | mg kg−1 | 1803 |
AlOx | mg kg−1 | 1347 |
FeOx | mg kg−1 | 5860 |
DPSOx | % | 37.6 |
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Penn, C.J.; Williams, M.R.; Camberato, J.; Wenos, N.; Wason, H. Desorption Kinetics of Legacy Soil Phosphorus: Implications for Non-Point Transport and Plant Uptake. Soil Syst. 2022, 6, 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010006
Penn CJ, Williams MR, Camberato J, Wenos N, Wason H. Desorption Kinetics of Legacy Soil Phosphorus: Implications for Non-Point Transport and Plant Uptake. Soil Systems. 2022; 6(1):6. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010006
Chicago/Turabian StylePenn, Chad J., Mark R. Williams, James Camberato, Nicholas Wenos, and Hope Wason. 2022. "Desorption Kinetics of Legacy Soil Phosphorus: Implications for Non-Point Transport and Plant Uptake" Soil Systems 6, no. 1: 6. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6010006