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Case Report

Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report

by
Hanako Aoki
1,2,*,
Toshiki Uchihara
1,3 and
Yoshinori Ito
1
1
Department of Neurology, Yokufukai Hospital, 1-12-1 Takaidonishi, Suginami-ku, Tokyo 168-8535, Japan
2
Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Institute of Science Tokyo, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
3
Department of General Internal Medicine, Okinawa Chubu Hospital, 281 Miyasato, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2293, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Reports 2025, 8(2), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062
Submission received: 16 March 2025 / Revised: 3 May 2025 / Accepted: 3 May 2025 / Published: 4 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Neurology)
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Abstract

Background and Clinical Significance: Pellagra is caused by a chronic deficiency of niacin (vitamin B3 or nicotinic acid): it is rare in developed countries, where the major risk factors are chronic alcoholism and intestinal malabsorption. Although it typically presents three main symptoms, dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia, some cases do not show these classic symptoms. Case Presentation: We report a case of a malnourished patient with seizure and multiple cerebrovascular foci, in whom a postmortem autopsy revealed the findings of pellagra. The patient had atypical symptoms of seizure as pellagra and the multiple cerebrovascular lesions, which made the diagnosis difficult. Conclusions: The aim of this paper is to recognize the importance of suspecting pellagra as a treatable disease, especially when patients with eating disorder present atypical symptoms.
Keywords: pellagra; niacin; seizure; malnourished patient; multiple cerebrovascular foci pellagra; niacin; seizure; malnourished patient; multiple cerebrovascular foci

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MDPI and ACS Style

Aoki, H.; Uchihara, T.; Ito, Y. Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report. Reports 2025, 8, 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062

AMA Style

Aoki H, Uchihara T, Ito Y. Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report. Reports. 2025; 8(2):62. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aoki, Hanako, Toshiki Uchihara, and Yoshinori Ito. 2025. "Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report" Reports 8, no. 2: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062

APA Style

Aoki, H., Uchihara, T., & Ito, Y. (2025). Possible Coexistence of Pellagra in a Malnourished Patient with Seizure and Multiple Cerebrovascular Foci: A Case Report. Reports, 8(2), 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports8020062

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