Fire Test Study and FDS Verification of Spray Water Volume for Small-Sized Bookstores in the Revitalization of Historical Buildings
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Investigation, Experimental Methods, and Materials
2.1. Method of On-Site Investigation
2.2. Experimental Methods
2.2.1. Cone Calorimeter Test Arrangement
2.2.2. Physical Combustion Experiment Arrangement
2.3. Simulation Methods
2.3.1. FDS Model
2.3.2. Grid Size
2.3.3. Fire Source Setup
2.3.4. Sprinkler System
2.3.5. Measurement Point Arrangement
3. Experiments and Simulations
3.1. Investigation Results
3.2. Book and Desk Combustion Test
3.3. Physical Combustion Experiment
3.4. Simulation Combustion Experiment
3.4.1. Analysis of Simulation Combustion Results
Without Sprinkler System
With Sprinkler System
3.4.2. Analysis of Simulated Combustion Results
Water Consumption
Temperature Slices
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Appendix A.1. Model of Simulation
Appendix A.2. Model of Simulation
Material Model | Heat Release Rate Per Area KW/m2 | Ramp-Up Time s | Extinguishing Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|
Burner | 5000 | 100 | 0 |
Material Model | Calculated L/min | Operating Pressure Bar | K Factor L/(min·atm)2 | Median Diameter μm | Distribution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Spray model | 59.71 | 0.5 | 80 | 150 | Constant |
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Condition | HRR (MW) | Sprinkler System—Yes or No | Sprinkler Flow (L/min) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | Yes | 60 |
2 | 2 | Yes | 80 |
3 | 2 | Yes | 100 |
4 | 2 | No | - |
Condition | Flow Velocity (L/min) | Time (s) | Water Consumption (L) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 60 | 218 | 218 |
2 | 80 | 160 | 213 |
3 | 100 | 117 | 195 |
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Du, P.; Liu, J.; Zhang, C.; Zheng, Z.; Gu, G.; Zhao, J.; Yan, F.; Liu, S.; Li, R.; Zhang, J. Fire Test Study and FDS Verification of Spray Water Volume for Small-Sized Bookstores in the Revitalization of Historical Buildings. Fire 2025, 8, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060224
Du P, Liu J, Zhang C, Zheng Z, Gu G, Zhao J, Yan F, Liu S, Li R, Zhang J. Fire Test Study and FDS Verification of Spray Water Volume for Small-Sized Bookstores in the Revitalization of Historical Buildings. Fire. 2025; 8(6):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060224
Chicago/Turabian StyleDu, Peng, Jing Liu, Cheng Zhang, Zhixin Zheng, Guangyue Gu, Jiaming Zhao, Feng Yan, Songtao Liu, Rutian Li, and Jun Zhang. 2025. "Fire Test Study and FDS Verification of Spray Water Volume for Small-Sized Bookstores in the Revitalization of Historical Buildings" Fire 8, no. 6: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060224
APA StyleDu, P., Liu, J., Zhang, C., Zheng, Z., Gu, G., Zhao, J., Yan, F., Liu, S., Li, R., & Zhang, J. (2025). Fire Test Study and FDS Verification of Spray Water Volume for Small-Sized Bookstores in the Revitalization of Historical Buildings. Fire, 8(6), 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8060224