Assessing the Response of Different Soil Arthropod Communities to Fire: A Case Study from Northwestern Africa
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Arthropod Sampling
3. Data Analysis
- (1)
- Abundance values of the top 10 most-abundant arthropod orders were compared between pitfalls in burnt and unburnt areas, using Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs). This analysis was carried out using a Poisson distribution due to the discrete nature of the dependent variables (counting the number of individuals captured). The fire condition (burnt or unburnt) of the sampling points was used as an independent variable, whereas the sampling point and the sampling month (July and October) were treated as random effects. Statistical analyses were performed using the lme4 package [42], and figures were performed using the ggplot 2 package [43].
- (2)
- The composition and species abundance of ant, beetle, and orthopteran communities found in the burnt vs. unburnt pitfall traps were compared by permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). For each arthropod group, the pairwise similarity in species abundance and presence among pitfall traps were assessed using the Bray–Curtis similarity distance for the relative abundance data and using the adonis2 function from the vegan package [44]. Similar to the GLMM design, the fire condition was used as a fixed factor, whereas the sampling point and season were used as random factors in the PERMANOVAs. All analyses were performed using R software (Core Team 2021).
- (3)
- Based on the abundance of beetle, ant, and grasshopper species per pitfall trap, we calculated the Shannon diversity index. Then, we used Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMMs) using the lme4 package [42], with a Gaussian distribution, to examine the effect of the fire condition (burnt and unburnt) on the Shannon diversity per trap. The sampling point and the sampling month (July and October) were treated as random effects.
4. Results
5. Discussion
5.1. Effects of Fire on the Abundance of Arthropod Taxa
5.2. Effects of Fire on the Composition of Arthropod Communities
5.3. Concluding Remarks
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Class | Subclass/Order | Suborder/ Family | Fire Condition | Total | Proportion (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unburnt | Burnt | |||||
Crustacea | Isopoda | 97 | 136 | 233 | 7.4 | |
Arachnida | Acari | 442 | 390 | 832 | 26.6 | |
Araneida | 47 | 64 | 111 | 3.5 | ||
Pseudoescorpionida | 6 | 9 | 15 | 0.5 | ||
Opiliones | 4 | 4 | 8 | 0.3 | ||
Myriapoda | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0.1 | ||
Insecta | Hymenoptera | Formicidae | 314 | 623 | 937 | 29.9 |
Others | 18 | 74 | 92 | 2.9 | ||
Diptera | 179 | 119 | 298 | 9.5 | ||
Collembola | 118 | 123 | 241 | 7.7 | ||
Coleoptera | 78 | 107 | 185 | 5.9 | ||
Blattodea | 66 | 10 | 76 | 2.4 | ||
Hemiptera | Heteroptera | 8 | 29 | 37 | 1.2 | |
Others | 7 | 5 | 12 | 0.4 | ||
Orthoptera | 3 | 8 | 11 | 0.4 | ||
Archaeognatha | 6 | 0 | 6 | 0.2 | ||
Thysanoptera | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0.1 | ||
Neuroptera | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0.0 | ||
Unknown nymph | 12 | 18 | 30 | 1.0 | ||
Total | 1407 | 1724 | 3131 | 100 |
Fire Condition (Burnt and Unburnt) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Order | Estimate | Std. Error | Z | P |
All arthropods | 0.222 | 0.174 | 1.272 | ns |
Araneae | 0.168 | 0.192 | 0.876 | ns |
Coleoptera | 0.131 | 0.219 | 0.595 | ns |
Formicidae | −0.249 | 0.518 | −0.480 | ns |
Isopoda | 0.479 | 0.841 | 0.570 | ns |
Blattodea (unburnt) | 2.378 | 0.627 | 3.796 | 0.00015 |
Diptera (unburnt) | 0.845 | 0.284 | 2.972 | 0.00296 |
Collembola | 0.370 | 0.424 | 0.872 | ns |
Orthoptera | −0.501 | 0.696 | −0.719 | ns |
Acari | 0.253 | 0.633 | 0.400 | ns |
Hymenoptera | −0.873 | 0.782 | −1.116 | ns |
Order | Mean Abundance (SE) | PERMANOVA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unburnt | Burnt | F | R2 | P | |
Coleoptera | 5.2 (1.03) | 3.8 (0.43) | 2.6783 | 0.06132 | 0.005 |
Formicidae (Hymenoptera) | 21 (6.5) | 23 (5.23) | 5.6046 | 0.1229 | 0.001 |
Orthoptera | 0.4 (0.6) | 1.8 (0.37) | 1.1365 | 0.11212 | 0.429 |
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EL Khayati, M.; Chergui, B.; Barranco, P.; Fahd, S.; Ruiz, J.L.; Taheri, A.; Santos, X. Assessing the Response of Different Soil Arthropod Communities to Fire: A Case Study from Northwestern Africa. Fire 2023, 6, 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050206
EL Khayati M, Chergui B, Barranco P, Fahd S, Ruiz JL, Taheri A, Santos X. Assessing the Response of Different Soil Arthropod Communities to Fire: A Case Study from Northwestern Africa. Fire. 2023; 6(5):206. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050206
Chicago/Turabian StyleEL Khayati, Mounia, Brahim Chergui, Pablo Barranco, Soumia Fahd, José L. Ruiz, Ahmed Taheri, and Xavier Santos. 2023. "Assessing the Response of Different Soil Arthropod Communities to Fire: A Case Study from Northwestern Africa" Fire 6, no. 5: 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6050206