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Article

The Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Atmosphere on the Density, Microstructure, and Hardness of Al2O3 Ceramics Obtained by the FFF Method

by
Ekaterina Kuznetsova
1,*,
Anton Smirnov
1,
Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote
1,*,
Roman Khmyrov
1,
Daniil Strunevich
1,
Natella Krikheli
2,
Oleg O. Yanushevich
2,
Pavel Peretyagin
1,2 and
Andrey V. Gusarov
1
1
Department of High Efficiency Processing Technologies, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN”, Vadkovsky Per. 3a, 127055 Moscow, Russia
2
Scientific Department, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Russian University of Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Dolgorukovskaya Str. 4, 127006 Moscow, Russia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Ceramics 2026, 9(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9010002
Submission received: 18 November 2025 / Revised: 5 December 2025 / Accepted: 17 December 2025 / Published: 26 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics, 3rd Edition)
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Abstract

Highly filled (78 wt.%) alumina filaments with various (0.05, 0.10, 0.25 vol.%) graphene oxide concentration for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) were obtained. In order to evaluate the effect of graphene oxide on density, microstructure, and hardness, the fabricated materials were sintered in an argon atmosphere at 1500 °C and 1550 °C. A sample that was sintered under the same conditions in air was used as a control. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the reduction in graphene oxide and the absence of carbon in samples sintered in argon and air, respectively. In addition, in the samples with graphene oxide, the alumina grain size was lower than in air-sintered samples. The composite with the lowest amount (0.05 vol.%) of graphene oxide showed the highest value (1670.73 ± 136.9 HV) hardness.
Keywords: filaments; alumina; reduced graphene oxide; mechanical properties; FFF filaments; alumina; reduced graphene oxide; mechanical properties; FFF

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kuznetsova, E.; Smirnov, A.; Pinargote, N.W.S.; Khmyrov, R.; Strunevich, D.; Krikheli, N.; Yanushevich, O.O.; Peretyagin, P.; Gusarov, A.V. The Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Atmosphere on the Density, Microstructure, and Hardness of Al2O3 Ceramics Obtained by the FFF Method. Ceramics 2026, 9, 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9010002

AMA Style

Kuznetsova E, Smirnov A, Pinargote NWS, Khmyrov R, Strunevich D, Krikheli N, Yanushevich OO, Peretyagin P, Gusarov AV. The Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Atmosphere on the Density, Microstructure, and Hardness of Al2O3 Ceramics Obtained by the FFF Method. Ceramics. 2026; 9(1):2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9010002

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kuznetsova, Ekaterina, Anton Smirnov, Nestor Washington Solís Pinargote, Roman Khmyrov, Daniil Strunevich, Natella Krikheli, Oleg O. Yanushevich, Pavel Peretyagin, and Andrey V. Gusarov. 2026. "The Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Atmosphere on the Density, Microstructure, and Hardness of Al2O3 Ceramics Obtained by the FFF Method" Ceramics 9, no. 1: 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9010002

APA Style

Kuznetsova, E., Smirnov, A., Pinargote, N. W. S., Khmyrov, R., Strunevich, D., Krikheli, N., Yanushevich, O. O., Peretyagin, P., & Gusarov, A. V. (2026). The Influence of Graphene Oxide Concentration and Sintering Atmosphere on the Density, Microstructure, and Hardness of Al2O3 Ceramics Obtained by the FFF Method. Ceramics, 9(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics9010002

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