Sol–Gel Approach for Design of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 System—Synthesis and Catalytic Tests
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation
2.3. Characterization
2.3.1. Thermal Analysis
2.3.2. Porous Structure
2.3.3. X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis
2.3.4. Temperature-Programmed Reduction with Hydrogen—TPR-H2
2.3.5. Determination of Metal Dispersion by Hydrogen Chemisorption
2.3.6. FTIR Measurements
2.3.7. Catalytic Tests
Hydrogenation of Toluene
Hydrogenation of o-Chloronitrobenzene
3. Results
3.1. TG and DTG Measurements
3.2. Surface Area and Porosity of the Supports and Catalysts
3.3. X-ray Powder Diffraction Analysis
3.4. FTIR Spectra of the Al-Ti Binary Oxide Systems
3.5. Temperature-Programmed Reduction with Hydrogen—TPR-H2
3.6. Determination of Metal Dispersion by Hydrogen Chemisorption
3.7. Catalytic Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Al | Al-0.1Ti | Al-0.5Ti | Al-1.0Ti |
---|---|---|---|---|
Relative molar amount of Al | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Relative molar amount of Ti | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 1 |
Mass of added Ti(O-t-Bu)4 [g] | 0 | 2.66 | 13.32 | 26.64 |
Sample Name | Al:Ti Molar Ratio | BET Surface Area [m2/g] | Pore Volume [cm3/g] | Average Pore Diameter [nm] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Support | Catalyst | Support | Catalyst | Support | Catalyst | ||
Al2O3 | - | 301.1 | 233.7 | 0.61 | 0.39 | 5.9 | 4.7 |
Al2O3-TiO2 | 1:0.1 | 373.0 | 301.9 | 0.65 | 0.62 | 5.2 | 6.4 |
1:0.5 | 377.2 | 310.2 | 0.50 | 0.44 | 3.8 | 4.3 | |
1:1.0 | 376.0 | 283.4 | 0.40 | 0.33 | 3.2 | 3.7 |
Sample Name | Volume of Adsorbed Hydrogen [cm3/g] | Pt Dispersion [%] | Average Size of Pt Particles [nm] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ht | Hirr | Hr | Dirr | ||
Pt-Al | 0.81 | 0.30 | 0.51 | 51.6 | 1.8 |
Pt-Al-0.1Ti | 0.54 | 0.17 | 0.37 | 29.9 | 3.2 |
Pt-Al-0.5Ti | 0.50 | 0.14 | 0.36 | 23.7 | 3.9 |
Pt-Al-1.0Ti | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 22.6 | 4.2 |
Sample Name | Conversion [%] | Selectivity [%] | An [%] | Nb [%] | o-CAN [%] | o-CNB [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt/Al | 58.0 | 72.9 | 2.8 | 13.0 | 42.2 | 42.0 |
Pt/Al-0.1Ti | 88.2 | 74.5 | 4.06 | 18.42 | 65.75 | 11.78 |
Pt/Al-0.5Ti | 79.0 | 68.5 | 2.7 | 22.2 | 54.1 | 21.0 |
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Dobrosielska, M.; Zieliński, M.; Frydrych, M.; Pietrowski, M.; Marciniak, P.; Martyła, A.; Sztorch, B.; Przekop, R.E. Sol–Gel Approach for Design of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 System—Synthesis and Catalytic Tests. Ceramics 2021, 4, 667-680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040047
Dobrosielska M, Zieliński M, Frydrych M, Pietrowski M, Marciniak P, Martyła A, Sztorch B, Przekop RE. Sol–Gel Approach for Design of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 System—Synthesis and Catalytic Tests. Ceramics. 2021; 4(4):667-680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040047
Chicago/Turabian StyleDobrosielska, Marta, Michał Zieliński, Miłosz Frydrych, Mariusz Pietrowski, Piotr Marciniak, Agnieszka Martyła, Bogna Sztorch, and Robert E. Przekop. 2021. "Sol–Gel Approach for Design of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 System—Synthesis and Catalytic Tests" Ceramics 4, no. 4: 667-680. https://doi.org/10.3390/ceramics4040047