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J. Compos. Sci.
Volume 9
Issue 12
10.3390/jcs9120708
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Article

Supplementary Cementitious Material from Epsom Salt Production Waste

by
Rimvydas Kaminskas
*,
Arijus Zuzevicius
and
Irmantas Barauskas
Department of Silicate Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9(12), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120708
Submission received: 20 November 2025 / Revised: 9 December 2025 / Accepted: 16 December 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Composites Applications)
Versions Notes

Abstract

In this study, the potential use of Epsom salt production waste as a supplementary cementitious material was investigated. This acidic waste was neutralized with lime milk and used to replace up to 25 wt.% of Portland cement. The following research methods were employed: XRD, XRF, SEM, DSC-TG, and isothermal calorimetry. The waste neutralization process was found to proceed consistently, producing a neutral material (pH = 7.5) composed of amorphous silicon compounds with a negligible impurity of crystalline antigorite. Consequently, this material exhibits very high pozzolanic activity. The neutralized Epsom salt production waste accelerates the early hydration of Portland cement and promotes an intense pozzolanic reaction. This new material is a highly effective supplementary cementitious material, capable of replacing up to 25 wt.% of Portland cement without reducing its strength class.
Keywords: Epsom salt; waste; pozzolana; Portland cement; hydration Epsom salt; waste; pozzolana; Portland cement; hydration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kaminskas, R.; Zuzevicius, A.; Barauskas, I. Supplementary Cementitious Material from Epsom Salt Production Waste. J. Compos. Sci. 2025, 9, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120708

AMA Style

Kaminskas R, Zuzevicius A, Barauskas I. Supplementary Cementitious Material from Epsom Salt Production Waste. Journal of Composites Science. 2025; 9(12):708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120708

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaminskas, Rimvydas, Arijus Zuzevicius, and Irmantas Barauskas. 2025. "Supplementary Cementitious Material from Epsom Salt Production Waste" Journal of Composites Science 9, no. 12: 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120708

APA Style

Kaminskas, R., Zuzevicius, A., & Barauskas, I. (2025). Supplementary Cementitious Material from Epsom Salt Production Waste. Journal of Composites Science, 9(12), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9120708

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