Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) for Measuring Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Crop Productivity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data
2.3. Processing and Analysis
2.3.1. Pre-Processing
2.3.2. Template Matching
2.3.3. Object-Based Image Analysis
2.3.4. Data Fusion
2.3.5. Evaluation
3. Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Object-Based Image Analysis
4.2. Crop Height Model
4.3. Plant-Soil Feedback
4.4. Scalability
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Field Characteristic | Data |
---|---|
Crop count | 5930 |
Plot count | 60 |
Plot dimensions | 3 × 3 m2 |
Crop species | Endive |
Cover crop species | Radish (Raphanus sativus; Rs), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne; Lp), white clover (Trifolium repens; Tr), and common vetch (Vicia sativa; Vs) |
Cover crop treatments | Monocultures: Rs, Lp, Tr, and Vs; mixtures: Rs+Vs and Lp+Tr; fallow |
Metric | OBIA | Stratified TM |
---|---|---|
True positives | 429.3 m2 | 5,921 crops |
False positives | 14.2 m2 | 1 crops |
False negatives | 56.9 m2 | 9 crops |
Detection rate | 88.3% | 99.9% |
Accuracy index | 85.4% | 99.8% |
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Nuijten, R.J.G.; Kooistra, L.; De Deyn, G.B. Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) for Measuring Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Crop Productivity. Drones 2019, 3, 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3030054
Nuijten RJG, Kooistra L, De Deyn GB. Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) for Measuring Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Crop Productivity. Drones. 2019; 3(3):54. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3030054
Chicago/Turabian StyleNuijten, Rik J. G., Lammert Kooistra, and Gerlinde B. De Deyn. 2019. "Using Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) for Measuring Plant-Soil Feedback Effects on Crop Productivity" Drones 3, no. 3: 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones3030054