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Abstract

Oncogenomics as a Therapeutic Approach in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Literature Review †

by
Maria G. B. Rodrigues
1,*,
Samuel O. L. Barbosa
2,
Pedro R. Vaz
2,
Sophia Marciel
2,
Bruno S. L. Dallago
1 and
Shélida V. Braz
1,2
1
Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Biociências, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
2
Faculdade de Medicina, Centro Universitário de Brasília, UNICEUB, Brasília 70790-075, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Presented at the 6th International Congress on Health Innovation—INOVATEC 2025, Hybrid, 21–23 November 2025.
Proceedings 2026, 137(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2026137081
Published: 3 March 2026
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 6th International Congress on Health Innovation—INOVATEC 2025)
Versions Notes

Introduction: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma (ATC) is a rare and highly lethal neoplasm. It predominantly affects individuals over 60 years of age and represents less than 2% of all thyroid cancers [1,2]. Its genomic profile plays a central role in personalizing therapeutic options and guiding clinical management. This research aimed to analyze the implications of oncogenomics in the management of ATC. Methodology: A narrative review was conducted, including studies published between 2016 and 2025, in English or Portuguese, and indexed in PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar. A total of eight studies were included, and data were analyzed descriptively, focusing on recurrent mutations and their therapeutic relevance. Results: Evidence suggests that ATC arises from the progression of differentiated thyroid carcinomas and is associated with pathogenic variants in the BRAF and RAS genes, which drive its evolution into undifferentiated carcinoma [2,3]. In a cohort including 196 ATC patients, the BRAFV600E mutation appeared in 41% of cases and was associated with a worse prognosis. Conversely, patients harboring this genetic alteration may be treated with a combination of the BRAF inhibitor (dabrafenib) and the MEK inhibitor (trametinib), with a 12-month survival rate of 80% [4,5,6]. Other genes, including TP53, TERT, PI3K, and PTEN, have also been implicated as driver mutations and represent potential targets for future personalized therapies [7]. Conclusions: Oncogenomic findings in ATC reveal molecular alterations with therapeutic implications. Targeted therapies against driver mutations, especially BRAFV600E, demonstrate clinical benefit and the potential of precision medicine. Therefore, expanding the search for additional mutations is essential to further advance clinical practice [8].

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, M.G.B.R. and S.V.B.; methodology, M.G.B.R.; software, M.G.B.R., S.O.L.B., P.R.V. and S.M.; validation, M.G.B.R. and S.V.B.; formal analysis, M.G.B.R.; investigation, M.G.B.R.; resources, M.G.B.R.; data curation, M.G.B.R.; writing—original draft preparation, M.G.B.R.; writing—review and editing, M.G.B.R.; visualization, M.G.B.R. and B.S.L.D.; supervision, S.V.B. and B.S.L.D.; project administration, B.S.L.D. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

The data supporting the findings of this study are derived from previously published articles, all of which are cited in the reference list. No new datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

  1. Jannin, A.; Escande, A.; Al Ghuzlan, A.; Blanchard, P.; Hartl, D.; Chevalier, B.; Deschamps, F.; Lamartina, L.; Lacroix, L.; Dupuy, C.; et al. Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: An Update. Cancers 2022, 14, 1061. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
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  5. Gouda, M.A.; Subbiah, V. Expanding the Benefit: Dabrafenib/Trametinib as Tissue-Agnostic Therapy for BRAF V600E–Positive Adult and Pediatric Solid Tumors. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. Educ. Book 2023, 43, e404770. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  6. Subbiah, V.; Kreitman, R.J.; Wainberg, Z.A.; Cho, J.Y.; Schellens, J.H.M.; Soria, J.C.; Wen, P.Y.; Zielinski, C.; Cabanillas, M.E.; Urbanowitz, G.; et al. Dabrafenib and Trametinib Treatment in Patients With Locally Advanced or Metastatic BRAF V600–Mutant Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2018, 36, 7–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  7. Zeng, P.Y.; Prokopec, S.D.; Lai, S.Y.; Pinto, N.; Chan-Seng-Yue, M.A.; Clifton-Bligh, R.; Williams, M.D.; Howlett, C.J.; Plantinga, P.; Cecchini, M.J.; et al. The genomic and evolutionary landscapes of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Cell Rep. 2024, 43, 113826. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  8. Bible, K.C.; Kebebew, E.; Brierley, J.; Brito, J.P.; Cabanillas, M.E.; Clark, T.J., Jr.; Di Cristofano, A.; Foote, R.; Giordano, T.; Kasperbauer, J.; et al. 2021 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for Management of Patients with Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid 2021, 31, 337–386. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Rodrigues, M.G.B.; Barbosa, S.O.L.; Vaz, P.R.; Marciel, S.; Dallago, B.S.L.; Braz, S.V. Oncogenomics as a Therapeutic Approach in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Proceedings 2026, 137, 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2026137081

AMA Style

Rodrigues MGB, Barbosa SOL, Vaz PR, Marciel S, Dallago BSL, Braz SV. Oncogenomics as a Therapeutic Approach in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Proceedings. 2026; 137(1):81. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2026137081

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rodrigues, Maria G. B., Samuel O. L. Barbosa, Pedro R. Vaz, Sophia Marciel, Bruno S. L. Dallago, and Shélida V. Braz. 2026. "Oncogenomics as a Therapeutic Approach in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Literature Review" Proceedings 137, no. 1: 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2026137081

APA Style

Rodrigues, M. G. B., Barbosa, S. O. L., Vaz, P. R., Marciel, S., Dallago, B. S. L., & Braz, S. V. (2026). Oncogenomics as a Therapeutic Approach in Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Proceedings, 137(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2026137081

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