Space–Time Variations in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll in the East China Sea and the South China Sea
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Collection
2.2. Methodology
2.2.1. The Cauchy Distribution
2.2.2. Multi-Fractional Generalized Cauchy Model
2.2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics of Sea Surface Chlorophyll Concentration Series
3.2. Variability of the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll Series
3.3. Monthly and Seasonal Variations in Hurst Exponents for Sea Surface Chlorophyll
4. Discussion
4.1. The Impact of Anthropogenic Activity on the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll Concentration
4.2. Seasonal Variation in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll Concentration
4.3. Limitations and Future Work
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | Chl_Minimum | Chl_Maximum | Chl_Mean ± Standard Deviation | Chl_Coefficient of Variation | H_Mean ± Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | 0.1356 | 50.8658 | 4.5975 ± 3.7523 a* | 0.8161 | 0.0797 ± 0.0899 a |
M2 | 0.0607 | 3.6647 | 0.2889 ± 0.2192 b | 0.7588 | 0.4072 ± 0.0999 b |
M3 | 0.0463 | 1.6592 | 0.1607 ± 0.0914 c | 0.5683 | 0.5016 ± 0.0831 c |
M4 | 0.0437 | 0.5228 | 0.1239 ± 0.0541 cd | 0.4362 | 0.5286 ± 0.0729 d |
M5 | 0.0467 | 1.1772 | 0.1181 ± 0.0589 cd | 0.4986 | 0.5391 ± 0.0703 e |
M6 | 0.0437 | 1.4624 | 0.1123 ± 0.0490 d | 0.4362 | 0.5431 ± 0.0690 f |
N1 | 0.0932 | 33.0401 | 3.5173 ± 2.2694 a | 0.6452 | 0.0948 ± 0.0889 a |
N2 | 0.0976 | 21.5406 | 0.8885 ± 0.9993 b | 1.1247 | 0.2749 ± 0.1179 b |
N3 | 0.0730 | 5.1777 | 0.3253 ± 0.2959 c | 0.9096 | 0.3957 ± 0.1010 c |
N4 | 0.0324 | 0.4974 | 0.1178 ± 0.0482 d | 0.4097 | 0.5276 ± 0.0615 d |
N5 | 0.0206 | 0.3076 | 0.0795 ± 0.0342 e | 0.4302 | 0.5601 ± 0.0682 e |
N6 | 0.0244 | 0.2237 | 0.0604 ± 0.0206 e | 0.3411 | 0.5909 ± 0.0674 f |
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He, J.; Li, M. Space–Time Variations in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Fractal Fract. 2024, 8, 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020102
He J, Li M. Space–Time Variations in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Fractal and Fractional. 2024; 8(2):102. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020102
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Junyu, and Ming Li. 2024. "Space–Time Variations in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll in the East China Sea and the South China Sea" Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 2: 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020102
APA StyleHe, J., & Li, M. (2024). Space–Time Variations in the Long-Range Dependence of Sea Surface Chlorophyll in the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Fractal and Fractional, 8(2), 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020102