Abstract
In this paper, we derive two new identities involving q-Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. Using these identities, as auxiliary results, we derive some new q-fractional estimates of trapezoidal-like inequalities, essentially using the class of generalized exponential convex functions.
MSC:
05A30; 26A33; 26A51; 34A08; 26D07; 26D10; 26D15
1. Introduction
A set is said to be convex, if
for all and .
A function is said to be convex, if
for all and .
The classical concepts of convexity are simple but have many applications in different fields of pure and applied sciences. For example, they play a significant role in the theory of optimization, mathematical economics, operations research, etc. In recent years, the classical concepts of convexity have been extended and generalized in different directions using novel and innovative ideas. It has been observed that these new generalizations of classical convexity enjoy some nice properties which classical convexity has. Recently, Cortez et al. [] presented a new generalization of convexity class as follows:
Definition 1
([]). Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A non-empty set is said to be generalized convex, if
for all and .
Here, is the Raina’s function and is defined as:
where , is a bounded sequence of positive real numbers and is the gamma function. For details, see [].
Cortez et al. [] also defined the class of generalized convex functions as:
Definition 2
([]). Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A function is said to be generalized convex, if
for all and .
Awan et al. [] introduced the class of exponential convex functions as:
Definition 3
([]). A function is said to be exponentially convex, if
for all and .
Besides its applications, the theory of convexity has also played a dynamic role in developing the theory of inequalities. A wide class of inequalities is just a direct consequence of the applications of the convexity property of the functions. Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality, also known as trapezium-like inequality, is one of the most studied results. It reads as:
Let be a convex function, then
For some recent developments related to Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality and its applications, see [].
In recent years, several new techniques have been used to obtain new versions of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality. For instance, Sarikaya et al. [] utilized the concepts of fractional calculus and obtained the fractional analogues of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality. Alp et al. [] obtained quantum analogue of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality. Awan et al. [] obtained a new refinement of Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality using the class of exponentially convex functions. Cortez et al. [] obtained Hermite–Hadamard’s inequality using the class of generalized convex functions. Kunt and Aljasem [] obtained fractional quantum versions of Hermite–Hadamard type of inequalities. Noor et al. [] obtained some more quantum estimates for Hermite–Hadamard inequalities using the class of convex functions. Sudsutad [] obtained various new quantum integral inequalities for convex functions. Zhang et al. [] obtained a new generalized quantum-integral identity and obtained new q-integral inequalities via -convexity property of the functions.
The main motivation of this article is to obtain two new identities involving q-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. Using these identities as auxiliary results, we derive some new q-fractional estimates of trapezoidal-like inequalities, essentially using the class of generalized exponential convex functions. We hope that the ideas and techniques of this article will inspire interested readers working in this field.
2. Preliminaries
In this section, we recall some previously known concepts and results.
The following concept of -derivative was introduced and studied in [].
Definition 4
([]). For a continuous function the -derivative of at is defined as:
The -definite integral is defined as:
Definition 5
([]). Let be a continuous function. Then the -definite integral on is defined as:
for
Interesting additional details of the following concepts can be found in [,].
The -analogue of power function is defined as, if , then
The -gamma function is defined as:
For any , the -beta function is defined as:
and
The -Pochhammer symbol is defined as:
for
Theorem 1
([]). Suppose then
uniformly on if , , and uniformly on compact subset of for other choices of μ and λ.
The -shifting operator is defined as:
For any positive integer k, one has:
The following properties for -shifting operator hold:
Theorem 2
([,]). For any and for all positive integers one has:
- 1.
- ;
- 2.
- ;
- 3.
- ;
- 4.
- ;
- 5.
- ;
- 6.
- , for ;
- 7.
- .
The power of -shifting operator is defined as:
Theorem 3
([,]). For any and , one has:
- 1.
- ;
- 2.
- ;
- 3.
- .
Definition 6
([,]). Let and be a continuous function on . Then the Riemann–Liouville-type fractional quantum integral is given by and
where and
3. Results and Discussions
In this section, we will discuss our main results. First of all we define the class of generalized exponential convex functions.
Definition 7.
Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A function is said to be generalized exponential convex, if
for all and .
Note that if we take or , then the class of generalized exponential convex functions reduces to the class of generalized convex functions introduced and studied in []. If we take , then we have the class of exponentially convex functions involving Raina’s function. This class is defined as:
Definition 8.
Let and be a bounded sequence of positive real numbers. A function is said to be generalized exponential convex, if
for all and .
Now, we derive our auxiliary results. Before we proceed, for the sake of simplicity, we consider and .
Lemma 1.
Let be a continuous function and . If is -integrable on , then
Proof.
It suffices to show that
Now,
Similarly, we have
Corollary 1.
Under the assumptions of Lemma 1, if we choose , then
Lemma 2.
Let be a continuous function and . If is -integrable on , then the following equality holds:
Corollary 2.
Under the assumptions of Lemma 2, if we take , then the following result holds:
Theorem 4.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω, then
where
and
Proof.
Using the Lemma (17), property of modulus and the generalized exponential convexity of , we have
which completes the proof. □
Corollary 3.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 4, if we choose , then we have
where
and
Theorem 5.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω for and , then the following inequality holds:
where
Proof.
Using Lemma (17), Hölder’s integral inequality and generalized exponential convexity of , we have
which completes the proof. □
Corollary 4.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 5, if we choose , then we have
where
Theorem 6.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω for , then the following inequality holds:
where are given in Theorem 4 and is given as:
Proof.
Using Lemma (17), the power mean integral inequality and generalized exponential convexity of , we have
which completes the proof. □
Corollary 5.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 6, if we choose , then we have
where , are already defined in Corollary 3 and
Theorem 7.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω, then
where
Proof.
Using Lemma (21) and the generalized exponential convexity of , we have
This completes the proof. □
Corollary 6.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 7, if we set , then we have the following inequality
Theorem 8.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω, then the following inequality holds for
where
and
Proof.
This completes the proof. □
Corollary 7.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 8, if we set , then
where
and
Theorem 9.
Let be a continuous function and and be -integrable on . If is generalized exponential convex on Ω, then
where
and
Proof.
Using Lemma (21), power mean integral inequality and the generalized exponential convexity of , we have
This completes the proof. □
Corollary 8.
Under the assumptions of Theorem 9, if we set , then
4. Conclusions
We have introduced the class of generalized exponential convex functions involving Raina’s function. We have derived two new identities involving q-Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals. Using these identities, as auxiliary results, we have derived several new q-fractional estimates of trapezoidal-like inequalities, essentially using the class of generalized exponential convex functions. We hope that the ideas within this paper will inspire interested readers. The results of this paper can be extended by using other classes of convexity, for instance by using the exponential preinvexity property of the functions. One can also extend these results using the concepts of post-quantum calculus, which is an interesting problem for future research. It is worth mentioning here that many inequalities e.g., Lipschitz, Hölders, Minkowski, etc., are used to solve the control problems and stability analysis for dynamical systems; for details, see [,,,,,]. So it can also be an interesting problem for future research to use the inequalities obtained in this paper to solve physical problems.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, M.U.A.; formal analysis, K.N., M.U.A., M.Z.J. and H.B.; investigation, K.N., M.U.A., M.Z.J., H.B. and M.A.N.; writing—original draft preparation, K.N., M.U.A., M.Z.J., H.B. and M.A.N.; supervision, M.A.N.; All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research received funding support from the National Science, Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF), Thailand.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Data Availability Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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