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Volume 73
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10.36150/2499-6564-N850
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Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics is published by MDPI from Volume 74 Issue 1 (2026). Previous articles were published by another publisher in Open Access under a CC-BY (or CC-BY-NC-ND) licence, and they are hosted by MDPI on mdpi.com as a courtesy and upon agreement with Pacini Editore.
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Review

Effects of Multicomponent Exercises on Muscle Strength and Balance in Frail Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

by
Diego Gama Linhares
1,2,*,
Ana Beatriz Moreira de Carvalho Monteiro
1,
Bruno Gama Linhares
3,
Giullio Cesar Pereira Sallustiano Mallen da Silva
1,
Luciano Lima dos Santos
1,
Lilliany de Souza Cordeiro
1,
Claudio Joaquim Borba-Pinheiro
4 and
Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
1
1
Postgraduate Program in Exercise and Sport Sciences, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2
Health Sciences Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
3
Postgraduate Program in Physical Exercise and Health, Porto University, Portugal
4
Pará State University and Federal Institute of Pará, Pará, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2025, 73(4), 153-163; https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-N850
Submission received: 28 April 2025 / Accepted: 3 November 2025 / Published: 18 December 2025
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Abstract

To analyze the effects of multicomponent exercises on muscle strength and balance in frail older individuals. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA criteria. The databases used were MEDLINE (via PubMed), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus, and SciELO. Eligible RCTs in this study were evaluated using Rob 2, and TESTEX was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies and reports. RevMan was used to analyze the meta-analysis and the GRADE tool to assess the level of evidence. A total of 1538 publications were found and after using the selection criteria, 13 RCTs were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The assessment instruments used to assess balance were the Time Up Go, Dynamic Sitting Balance and Berg Balance Scale, and for muscle strength the handgrip test and knee flexion and extension strength. In the analysis of the balance variable, the estimated mean SMD was 0.43, [-0.18 to 1.03], p = 0.17, I2 = 92%. In the variable muscular strength, the estimated mean SMD was 0.27 [0.12 to 0.42], p = 0.0003, I2 = 41%. This meta-analysis found that multicomponent exercises improve muscular strength but do not improve balance in frail older individuals.
Keywords: balance; frail older; multicomponent exercise; strenght balance; frail older; multicomponent exercise; strenght

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MDPI and ACS Style

Linhares, D.G.; Monteiro, A.B.M.d.C.; Linhares, B.G.; da Silva, G.C.P.S.M.; dos Santos, L.L.; Cordeiro, L.d.S.; Borba-Pinheiro, C.J.; Vale, R.G.d.S. Effects of Multicomponent Exercises on Muscle Strength and Balance in Frail Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2025, 73, 153-163. https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-N850

AMA Style

Linhares DG, Monteiro ABMdC, Linhares BG, da Silva GCPSM, dos Santos LL, Cordeiro LdS, Borba-Pinheiro CJ, Vale RGdS. Effects of Multicomponent Exercises on Muscle Strength and Balance in Frail Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2025; 73(4):153-163. https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-N850

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linhares, Diego Gama, Ana Beatriz Moreira de Carvalho Monteiro, Bruno Gama Linhares, Giullio Cesar Pereira Sallustiano Mallen da Silva, Luciano Lima dos Santos, Lilliany de Souza Cordeiro, Claudio Joaquim Borba-Pinheiro, and Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale. 2025. "Effects of Multicomponent Exercises on Muscle Strength and Balance in Frail Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics 73, no. 4: 153-163. https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-N850

APA Style

Linhares, D. G., Monteiro, A. B. M. d. C., Linhares, B. G., da Silva, G. C. P. S. M., dos Santos, L. L., Cordeiro, L. d. S., Borba-Pinheiro, C. J., & Vale, R. G. d. S. (2025). Effects of Multicomponent Exercises on Muscle Strength and Balance in Frail Older: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 73(4), 153-163. https://doi.org/10.36150/2499-6564-N850

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