The Current Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis Snails in the People’s Republic of China Based on a Nationwide Survey
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Survey Area
2.2. Mapping Snail Habitats
2.3. Field Survey on Snails
2.4. Data Management and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Geographical Distribution of Existing Snail Habitats
3.2. Environmental Characteristics of Existing Snail Habitats
3.3. Incidence and Density of O. hupensis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Province | No. ESH | EASH (Million m2) | Percentage of EASH (%) | AIS (Million m2) | Percentage of AIS (%) | No. Surveyed ESH | No. Systematic Sampling Frames | Percentage of Frames with Living Snails (%) | Maximum Snail Density (/0.11 m2) | Median Snail Density (/0.11 m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sichuan | 19,314 | 143.77 | 2.75 | 45.79 | 1.28 | 19,124 | 2,944,065 | 35.37 | 18.00 | 0.75 |
Hubei | 16,718 | 1132.75 | 21.63 | 721.11 | 20.16 | 15,964 | 3,962,343 | 18.72 | 44.01 | 0.53 |
Yunnan | 6440 | 44.24 | 0.84 | 20.31 | 0.57 | 6262 | 782,564 | 8.64 | 39.33 | 0.20 |
Anhui | 4830 | 545.34 | 10.41 | 265.03 | 7.41 | 4769 | 1,192,716 | 14.27 | 20.56 | 0.53 |
Jiangxi | 2175 | 1274.58 | 24.34 | 832.35 | 23.27 | 2033 | 1,530,114 | 9.43 | 6.50 | 0.25 |
Hunan | 1707 | 1940.76 | 37.06 | 1663.64 | 46.51 | 1683 | 1,737,538 | 9.59 | 3.46 | 0.18 |
Zhejiang | 1315 | 16.82 | 0.32 | 0.97 | 0.03 | 1315 | 952,078 | 3.37 | 24.44 | 0.21 |
Jiangsu | 641 | 137.56 | 2.63 | 27.92 | 0.78 | 641 | 358,080 | 12.47 | 38.18 | 0.17 |
Shanghai | 90 | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 90 | 26,175 | 13.27 | 6.17 | 0.33 |
Fujian | 14 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 14 | 11,084 | 6.11 | 16.25 | 2.09 |
Guangxi | 10 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 10 | 6904 | 18.11 | 0.81 | 0.05 |
Guangdong | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Total | 53,254 | 5236.45 | 100.00 | 3577.25 | 100.00 | 51,905 | 13,503,661 | 17.88 | 44.01 | 0.50 |
Types | No. ESH | EASH (Million m2) | AIS (Million m2) | Percentage of AIS (%) | No. Surveyed ESH | No. Systematic Sampling Frames | Percentage of Frames with Living Snails (%) | Maximum Density of Snails (/0.11 m2) | Median Density of Snails (/0.11 m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | |||||||||
Ditch | 35,025 | 448.47 | 247.79 | 6.93 | 34,397 | 6,299,097 | 24.85 | 44.01 | 0.57 |
Dryland | 3568 | 123.00 | 49.14 | 1.37 | 3384 | 920,401 | 17.57 | 38.18 | 0.50 |
Paddy | 6760 | 218.54 | 99.32 | 2.78 | 6521 | 1,570,437 | 16.88 | 39.33 | 0.47 |
Marshland | 5414 | 4306.53 | 3120.21 | 87.22 | 5265 | 3,993,404 | 8.39 | 6.53 | 0.20 |
Pond | 1019 | 75.95 | 23.90 | 0.67 | 892 | 175,288 | 11.24 | 13.50 | 0.35 |
Other | 1468 | 63.97 | 36.88 | 1.03 | 1446 | 545,034 | 12.31 | 15.42 | 0.40 |
Total | 53,254 | 5236.45 | 3577.25 | 100.00 | 51,905 | 13,503,661 | 17.88 | 44.01 | 0.50 |
Vegetation | |||||||||
Weeds | 39,139 | 2999.70 | 1976.83 | 55.26 | 38,111 | 8,871,150 | 20.09 | 44.01 | 0.53 |
Reeds | 903 | 1360.40 | 1088.49 | 30.43 | 897 | 1,009,701 | 8.74 | 12.88 | 0.18 |
Grove | 1369 | 493.57 | 319.48 | 8.93 | 1363 | 718,425 | 11.00 | 15.42 | 0.28 |
Paddy | 5841 | 147.58 | 51.32 | 1.43 | 5737 | 1,317,745 | 15.82 | 39.33 | 0.49 |
Dryland crops | 3465 | 165.14 | 95.25 | 2.66 | 3272 | 897,400 | 18.87 | 21.00 | 0.51 |
Other | 2537 | 70.05 | 45.88 | 1.28 | 2525 | 689,240 | 12.55 | 16.67 | 0.40 |
Total | 53,254 | 5236.45 | 3577.25 | 100.00 | 51,905 | 13,503,661 | 17.88 | 44.01 | 0.50 |
Endemic Types | No. Surveyed ESH | No. Systematic Sampling Frames | Percentage of Frames with Living Snails (%) | Maximum Density of Snails (/0.11 m2) | Median Density of Snails (/0.11 m2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marshland and lakes | 17,300 | 6,820,036 | 13.93 | 44.01 | 0.44 |
Mountains and hills | 34,182 | 6,421,207 | 22.26 | 39.33 | 0.51 |
Plain water networks | 423 | 262,418 | 13.17 | 38.18 | 0.21 |
Total | 51,905 | 13,503,661 | 17.88 | 44.01 | 0.50 |
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Lv, C.; Li, Y.-L.; Deng, W.-P.; Bao, Z.-P.; Xu, J.; Lv, S.; Li, S.-Z.; Zhou, X.-N. The Current Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis Snails in the People’s Republic of China Based on a Nationwide Survey. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8, 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020120
Lv C, Li Y-L, Deng W-P, Bao Z-P, Xu J, Lv S, Li S-Z, Zhou X-N. The Current Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis Snails in the People’s Republic of China Based on a Nationwide Survey. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2023; 8(2):120. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020120
Chicago/Turabian StyleLv, Chao, Yin-Long Li, Wang-Ping Deng, Zi-Ping Bao, Jing Xu, Shan Lv, Shi-Zhu Li, and Xiao-Nong Zhou. 2023. "The Current Distribution of Oncomelania hupensis Snails in the People’s Republic of China Based on a Nationwide Survey" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, no. 2: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020120