Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Pathogenesis of Tularemia
3. Transmission of Tularemia
4. Tularemia as a Tick-Borne Disease
5. Epidemiology of Tularemia
6. Clinical Presentation of Tularemia
7. Complications of Tularemia
8. Diagnosing Tularemia
9. Differential Diagnosis of Cervical Lymphadenopathy after a Tick Bite
10. Treatment of Tularemia
11. Case Example
11.1. Patient History
11.2. Clinical Examination
11.3. Imaging Studies
11.4. Laboratory Tests Results and Infectious Disease Specialist Consultation
11.5. Surgical Treatment
11.6. Biopsy, Histopathology, and Microbiology Findings
11.7. On-Ward Management
11.8. Follow-Up and Outcome
12. Case Report Discussion
13. Conclusions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Disease Severity | Treatment Regimen |
---|---|
Severe to moderate infection | ● Streptomycin 7.5 mg–1 g IM or IV, twice daily, 7–10 days OR |
● Gentamicin or tobramycin 5 mg/kg IV, once or twice daily, 10 days | |
Children: | |
● Gentamicin 2.5 mg/kg IV, three times daily, with OR without ciprofloxacin in 10–15 mg/kg orally, twice daily | |
Mild infection | ● Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV or 750 mg orally, twice a day, 14–21 days OR |
● Doxycycline 100 mg orally or IV, twice a day, 14–21 days | |
Children: | |
● above 8 years old: doxycycline 2.2 mg/kg orally, twice daily | |
● 1–10 years old: ciprofloxacin 10–15 mg/kg orally, twice daily | |
Hematogenous meningitis | ● Aminoglycoside + chloramphenicol 50–100 mg/kg/day IV in 4 divided doses |
Pregnancy | ● Streptomycin or chloramphenicol 15 mg/kg, four times a day, 14 days |
Prophylaxis for aerosol exposure | ● Doxycycline 100 mg orally, twice daily, 14 days OR |
● Ciprofloxacin 500 mg, orally, twice daily, 14 days |
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Troha, K.; Božanić Urbančič, N.; Korva, M.; Avšič-Županc, T.; Battelino, S.; Vozel, D. Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189
Troha K, Božanić Urbančič N, Korva M, Avšič-Županc T, Battelino S, Vozel D. Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(8):189. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189
Chicago/Turabian StyleTroha, Kaja, Nina Božanić Urbančič, Miša Korva, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Saba Battelino, and Domen Vozel. 2022. "Vector-Borne Tularemia: A Re-Emerging Cause of Cervical Lymphadenopathy" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 8: 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7080189