The Indispensability of Snail Control for Accelerating Schistosomiasis Elimination: Evidence from Zanzibar
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Data Collection
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Basic Information
3.2. Regression Analysis of the Relationship between MDA and Prevalence
3.3. JRM Analysis of Trends in Prevalence
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Year | Unguja Island Regions | Pemba Island Regions | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Central (%) | North A (%) | North B (%) | Urban (%) | West A (%) | West B (%) | Average (%) | Chake (%) | Micheweni (%) | Mkoani (%) | Wete (%) | Average (%) | |
2012 | 3.7 | 7.2 | 5.1 | 1.5 | 2.8 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 7.8 | 10.2 | 6.5 | 8.9 | 8.4 |
2013 | 8.2 | 14.2 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 3 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 7.1 | 10.3 | 5.1 | 11.3 | 8.5 |
2014 | 4.9 | 12.9 | 2.5 | 3.1 | 2 | 0.7 | 4.4 | 5.3 | 6.9 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 5.5 |
2015 | 8.6 | 15.6 | 6.2 | 0.7 | 5.9 | 4.3 | 6.9 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.8 | 3.7 | 4.4 |
2016 | 3.9 | 11.5 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 1.5 | 0 | 3.4 | 7.6 | 5.2 | 4 | 5.1 | 5.5 |
2017 | 1.2 | 5.4 | 1.5 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.7 |
2018 | 1.1 | 10.6 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.3 | 0 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 3.3 | 5.3 | 2.2 | 3.4 |
2019 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 0.9 | 0 | 0.2 | 0 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 2.4 | 1.7 |
2020 | 0.5 | 13.1 | 5.6 | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 3.3 | 4.9 | 4 | 0.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
2021 | 4.6 | 7.6 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 2.1 | 0.6 | 1.6 | 2.4 | 1.7 |
Polynomial Regression | Island | Equation Describing the Graph | R2 |
---|---|---|---|
First order polynomial | Unguja | Y = −0.334x + 676.879 | 0.305 |
Pemba | Y = −0.768x + 1552.778 | 0.798 | |
Second order polynomial | Unguja | Y = 0.0152x2 − 61.44x + 62,287 | 0.309 |
Pemba | Y = 0.0894x2 − 361.29x + 365,052 | 0.867 | |
Third order polynomial | Unguja | Y = 0.0589x3 − 356.28x2 + 718,407x − 5 × 108 | 0.664 |
Pemba | Y = 0.0018x3 − 10.957x2 + 21,913x − 1 × 107 | 0.867 |
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Muhsin, M.A.; Wang, X.; Kabole, F.M.; Zilabumba, J.; Yang, K. The Indispensability of Snail Control for Accelerating Schistosomiasis Elimination: Evidence from Zanzibar. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2022, 7, 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110347
Muhsin MA, Wang X, Kabole FM, Zilabumba J, Yang K. The Indispensability of Snail Control for Accelerating Schistosomiasis Elimination: Evidence from Zanzibar. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2022; 7(11):347. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110347
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhsin, Mtumweni Ali, Xinyao Wang, Fatma Mohammed Kabole, January Zilabumba, and Kun Yang. 2022. "The Indispensability of Snail Control for Accelerating Schistosomiasis Elimination: Evidence from Zanzibar" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 7, no. 11: 347. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed7110347