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Article

Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal

by
Jyoti Acharya
1,*,
Maria Zolfo
2,
Wendemagegn Enbiale
3,4,
Khine Wut Yee Kyaw
5,
Meika Bhattachan
6,
Nisha Rijal
1,
Anjana Shrestha
1,
Basudha Shrestha
7,
Surendra Kumar Madhup
8,
Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi
9,
Hari Prasad Kattel
10,
Piyush Rajbhandari
11,
Parmananda Bhandari
12,
Subhash Thakur
13,
Saroj Sharma
14,
Dipendra Raman Singh
15 and
Runa Jha
1
1
National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
2
Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
3
Department of Dermatology and Venereology, BahirDar University, 1996 Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
4
Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Centre, Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity (AI&I), University of Amsterdam, 7057 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
5
International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France and International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Mandalay 11061, Myanmar
6
World Health Organization, Health Emergencies Unit, Kathmandu 44700, Nepal
7
Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
8
Dhulikhel Hospital, Dhulikhel 45200, Nepal
9
KIST Medical College Teaching Hospital, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
10
Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
11
Patan Hospital, Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur 44700, Nepal
12
Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
13
Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
14
Kanti Children’s Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
15
Quality Standard and Regulation Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal
 
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*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020060
Submission received: 2 March 2021 / Revised: 28 March 2021 / Accepted: 8 April 2021 / Published: 23 April 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue AMR in Low and Middle Income Countries)
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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem, and Nepal is no exception. Countries are expected to report annually to the World Health Organization on their AMR surveillance progress through a Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System, in which Nepal enrolled in 2017. We assessed the quality of AMR surveillance data during 2019–2020 at nine surveillance sites in Province 3 of Nepal for completeness, consistency, and timeliness and examined barriers for non-reporting sites. Here, we present the results of this cross-sectional descriptive study of secondary AMR data from five reporting sites and barriers identified through a structured questionnaire completed by representatives at the five reporting and four non-reporting sites. Among the 1584 records from the reporting sites assessed for consistency and completeness, 77–92% were consistent and 88–100% were complete, with inter-site variation. Data from two sites were received by the 15th day of the following month, whereas receipt was delayed by a mean of 175 days at three other sites. All four non-reporting sites lacked dedicated data personnel, and two lacked computers. The AMR surveillance data collection process needs improvement in completeness, consistency, and timeliness. Non-reporting sites need support to meet the specific requirements for data compilation and sharing.
Keywords: Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS); reference laboratory; NPHL; SORT IT; operational research Global Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (GLASS); reference laboratory; NPHL; SORT IT; operational research

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MDPI and ACS Style

Acharya, J.; Zolfo, M.; Enbiale, W.; Kyaw, K.W.Y.; Bhattachan, M.; Rijal, N.; Shrestha, A.; Shrestha, B.; Madhup, S.K.; Raghubanshi, B.R.; et al. Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2021, 6, 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020060

AMA Style

Acharya J, Zolfo M, Enbiale W, Kyaw KWY, Bhattachan M, Rijal N, Shrestha A, Shrestha B, Madhup SK, Raghubanshi BR, et al. Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2021; 6(2):60. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020060

Chicago/Turabian Style

Acharya, Jyoti, Maria Zolfo, Wendemagegn Enbiale, Khine Wut Yee Kyaw, Meika Bhattachan, Nisha Rijal, Anjana Shrestha, Basudha Shrestha, Surendra Kumar Madhup, Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi, and et al. 2021. "Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 2: 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020060

APA Style

Acharya, J., Zolfo, M., Enbiale, W., Kyaw, K. W. Y., Bhattachan, M., Rijal, N., Shrestha, A., Shrestha, B., Madhup, S. K., Raghubanshi, B. R., Kattel, H. P., Rajbhandari, P., Bhandari, P., Thakur, S., Sharma, S., Singh, D. R., & Jha, R. (2021). Quality Assessment of an Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System in a Province of Nepal. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 6(2), 60. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6020060

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