Using Google Trends to Examine the Spatio-Temporal Incidence and Behavioral Patterns of Dengue Disease: A Case Study in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area and Population Demographics
2.2. Data Sources
2.3. Data Processing and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Association of Google Dengue Trends (GDT) and Dengue Incidence (DI)
3.2. Spatial Pattern of GDT and Related Queries for Dengue
3.3. Rising and Breakout Search Queries
4. Discussion
4.1. Pattern of GDT and Dengue Incidence
4.2. Search Query Behavior towards Dengue
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Dengue Values | Google Dengue Trend Values | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Google Dengue Trend | Adjusted Google Dengue Trend | |||
r | lag week (R2) | r | lag week (R2) | |
Dengue Incidence | 0.405 | 1 (0.166) | 0.662 | 1 (0.465) |
Log (Dengue Incidence) | 0.394 | 1 (0.162) | 0.597 | 2 (0.385) |
Scaled Dengue Incidence | 0.747 | 1 (0.570) | 0.529 | 2 (0.305) |
Log (Scaled Dengue Incidence) | 0.576 | 1 (0.342) | 0.470 | 2 (0.245) |
Category. | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | Search Words |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dengue | 100 | 70 | 52 | 50 | 29 | 37 | what is dengue, ano ang dengue, causes of dengue, dengue virus, dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue fever |
Signs and Symptoms | 84 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | symptoms, dengue symptoms, dengue symptoms Philippines, symptoms of dengue, dengue fever symptoms, dengue signs, signs of dengue, sign of dengue, signs of dengue fever, dengue signs and symptoms, signs and symptoms of dengue, sign and symptoms of dengue, sintomas ng dengue, symptoms of dengue fever, dengue symptoms in children, dengue rashes, dengue rash, platelet count, platelet count dengue, pathophysiology of dengue |
Treatment and Prevention | 7 | 14 | 16 | 10 | 12 | dengue cure, dengue treatment, dengue fever treatment, how to prevent dengue, dengue prevention, ncp for dengue, dengue test, dengue ns1, tawa tawa dengue | |
Mosquito | 5 | 13 | 7 | 4 | 4 | dengue mosquito, mosquito | |
Other Diseases | 5 | 6 | 5 | leptospirosis, typhoid fever, measles, chikungunya |
Year | Search Query | % |
---|---|---|
2009 | symptoms of dengue | 90% |
2010 | dengue signs and symptoms | 300% |
signs of dengue | 170% | |
signs and symptoms of dengue | 170% | |
dengue treatment | 60% | |
2011 | dengue fever syndrome | B |
symtoms of dengue | B | |
mga sintomas ng dengue | B | |
symbianize | B | |
dengue symptoms in adults | B | |
dengue cases in the philippines | B | |
dengue symptoms in children | 500% | |
ncp for dengue | 250% | |
dengue test | 180% | |
mosquito | 170% | |
dengue rashes | 160% | |
dengue mosquito | 110% | |
symptoms | 100% | |
causes of dengue | 100% | |
sintomas ng dengue | 70% | |
dengue prevention | 70% | |
what is dengue | 60% | |
symptoms of dengue | 50% | |
signs of dengue | 40% | |
2012 | signs of pregnancy | B |
leptospirosis | 900% | |
normal platelet count | 400% | |
dengue rash | 200% | |
cause of dengue | 150% | |
dengue rashes | 110% | |
typhoid fever | 100% | |
dengue symptoms philippines | 100% | |
mga sintomas ng dengue | 90% | |
dengue cure | 80% | |
dengue prevention | 70% | |
dengue fever treatment | 50% | |
symptoms of dengue | 50% | |
symptoms of dengue in children | 50% | |
dengue signs and symptoms | 40% | |
2013 | michael v dengue | B |
chikungunya | 1550% | |
chikungunya symptoms | 700% | |
ano ang sintomas ng dengue | 130% | |
signs and symptoms of dengue | 120% | |
measles | 120% | |
signs of dengue fever | 110% | |
dengue fever stages | 100% | |
dengue ns1 | 90% | |
symtoms of dengue | 70% | |
sintomas ng dengue | 60% | |
sign of dengue | 60% | |
signs of dengue | 50% | |
2014 | cause of dengue | 350% |
symptoms of pregnancy | 120% | |
dengue ns1 | 60% | |
what is dengue | 50% | |
dengue in the philippines | 40% |
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Ho, H.T.; Carvajal, T.M.; Bautista, J.R.; Capistrano, J.D.R.; Viacrusis, K.M.; Hernandez, L.F.T.; Watanabe, K. Using Google Trends to Examine the Spatio-Temporal Incidence and Behavioral Patterns of Dengue Disease: A Case Study in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2018, 3, 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040118
Ho HT, Carvajal TM, Bautista JR, Capistrano JDR, Viacrusis KM, Hernandez LFT, Watanabe K. Using Google Trends to Examine the Spatio-Temporal Incidence and Behavioral Patterns of Dengue Disease: A Case Study in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2018; 3(4):118. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040118
Chicago/Turabian StyleHo, Howell T., Thaddeus M. Carvajal, John Robert Bautista, Jayson Dale R. Capistrano, Katherine M. Viacrusis, Lara Fides T. Hernandez, and Kozo Watanabe. 2018. "Using Google Trends to Examine the Spatio-Temporal Incidence and Behavioral Patterns of Dengue Disease: A Case Study in Metropolitan Manila, Philippines" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 4: 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040118