Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence in the Australian-Born in Victoria: Opportunities and Challenges to Elimination
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Demographics
3.2. Clinical Characteristics
3.3. Treatment Outcomes
3.4. Trends
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | All Ages | 0–14 Years | ≥15 Years |
---|---|---|---|
Number of cases | 1057 | 192 | 865 |
Median age (IQR) | 47 years (20, 73) | 3 years (2, 7) | 57 years (31, 76) |
Male (%) | 618 (58.5) | 106 (55.2) | 512 (59.2) |
Metropolitan (%) | 830 (78.5) | 178 (92.7) | 652 (75.4) |
HIV co-infection 1 | 7 | 0 | 7 |
Method of diagnosis (%) | |||
Culture | 712 (67.4) | 62 (32.3) | 650 (75.1) |
Radiologic | 145 (13.7) | 96 (50.0) | 49 (5.7) |
Nucleic acid testing/microscopy | 61 (5.8) | 14 (7.3) | 47 (5.4) |
Histology | 39 (3.7) | 3 (1.6) | 36 (4.2) |
Clinical | 34 (3.2) | 12 (6.3) | 22 (2.5) |
Missing | 66 (6.2) | 5 (2.6) | 61 (7.1) |
Multi-drug resistance 2 | 8 | 1 | 7 |
Manifestation (%) 3 | |||
Pulmonary only | 610 (57.7) | 106 (55.2) | 504 (58.3) |
Pulmonary and extrapulmonary | 128 (12.1) | 25 (13.0) | 103 (11.9) |
Miliary | 20 (1.9) | 6 (3.1) | 14 |
Extrapulmonary only | 273 (25.8) | 59 (30.7) | 214 (24.7) |
Extrapulmonary manifestations | |||
Lymphadenitis | 127 (12.0) | 50 (26.0) | 77 (8.9) |
Pleural | 105 (9.9) | 6 (3.1) | 99 (11.4) |
Bone/joint | 38 (3.6) | 5 (2.6) | 33 (3.8) |
Genitourinary | 33 (3.1) | 1 (0.5) | 32 (3.7) |
Meningeal | 18 (1.7) | 9 (4.7) | 9 (1.0) |
Cutaneous | 7 (0.7) | 1 (0.5) | 6 (0.7) |
Pericardial | 5 (0.5) | 0 | 5 (0.6) |
Other | 5 (0.5) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (0.3) |
Recurrence (%) | 13 (1.2) | 2 (1.0) | 11 (1.3) |
Treatment outcomes 4 | |||
Median duration (IQR) | 212 days (184, 278) | ||
Completed treatment | 508 | 140 | 368 |
Still on treatment | 36 | 18 | 18 |
Death during treatment | 57 | 0 | 57 |
Death from TB | 8 | 0 | 8 |
Default | 4 | 1 | 3 |
Lost to follow-up | 8 | 2 | 6 |
Country or Region | Number (%) |
---|---|
Total | 149 |
Africa | 60 (40.3) |
Sudan | 24 (16.1) |
Somalia | 25 (16.8) |
Ethiopia | 9 (6.0) |
Algeria | 1 (0.7) |
Zimbabwe | 1 (0.7) |
Southeast Asia | 49 (32.9) |
Vietnam | 26 (17.4) |
Philippines | 9 (6.0) |
Indonesia | 3 (2.0) |
Malaysia | 2 (1.3) |
Timor-Leste | 2 (1.3) |
Laos | 3 (2.0) |
Cambodia | 3 (2.0) |
Myanmar | 1 (0.7) |
North Asia | 7 (4.7) |
China | 6 (4.0) |
Tibet | 1 (0.7) |
South Asia | 15 (10.0) |
India | 14 (9.4) |
Pakistan | 1 (0.7) |
Middle East | 8 (5.4) |
Afghanistan | 7 (4.7) |
Iraq | 1 (0.7) |
Pacific Islands | 9 (6.0) |
Tonga | 4 (2.7) |
Samoa | 4 (2.7) |
Fiji | 1 (0.7) |
South America | |
Peru | 1 (0.7) |
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Share and Cite
Xie, O.; Tay, E.L.; Denholm, J. Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence in the Australian-Born in Victoria: Opportunities and Challenges to Elimination. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2018, 3, 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040112
Xie O, Tay EL, Denholm J. Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence in the Australian-Born in Victoria: Opportunities and Challenges to Elimination. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2018; 3(4):112. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040112
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Ouli, Ee Laine Tay, and Justin Denholm. 2018. "Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence in the Australian-Born in Victoria: Opportunities and Challenges to Elimination" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 3, no. 4: 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040112
APA StyleXie, O., Tay, E. L., & Denholm, J. (2018). Trends in Tuberculosis Incidence in the Australian-Born in Victoria: Opportunities and Challenges to Elimination. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3(4), 112. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed3040112