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Article

Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire

by
Taki Jean Deles Avenié
1,2,3,4,*,
Kigbafori Dieudonné Silué
2,3,
Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly
2,
Naférima Koné
2,
Sadikou Touré
3,
Kouamé Laurent Valian
5,
Kouassi Séraphin Kouadio
2,
Alloua Marie Joelle Bédia
2,
Boza Fulgence Déabo
2,
Klotcholman Diabagaté
2,3,
Christian Nsanzabana
1,4 and
Jean Tenena Coulibaly
2,3
1
Department of Medicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland
2
Unité de Recherche et de Formation Bioscience, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan 22 BP 770, Côte d’Ivoire
3
Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan 01 BP 1303, Côte d’Ivoire
4
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, CH-4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
5
Centre de Santé Urbain de Irobo, Jacqueville BP 201, Côte d’Ivoire
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(7), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10070197
Submission received: 2 May 2025 / Revised: 3 June 2025 / Accepted: 5 June 2025 / Published: 15 July 2025
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Abstract

Malaria remains a major public health issue, especially near hydroelectric dams that often promote mosquito breeding. This study aimed to establish baseline epidemiological data during the construction of the Singrobo–Ahouaty dam to support assessment and decision-making for short- and long-term health impacts on surrounding communities. A cross-sectional survey was carried out in randomly selected households. Blood samples were analyzed using thick/thin smears and rapid diagnostic tests, while sociodemographic and behavioral data were collected via questionnaires. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis tests, and logistic regression. The malaria prevalence was 43.1% (394/915). The parasite density averaged 405.7 parasites/µL. School-age children (6–13 years) showed the highest prevalence (74.3%, p < 0.0001), while younger children (0–5 years) had the highest parasite density (1218.0 parasites/µL, p < 0.0001). Highly elevated infection rates (>51%) occurred in Sokrogbo, N’Dènou, and Amani-Menou, with the highest density in Ahérémou 1 (5663.9 parasites/µL). Risk factors included being an informal worker (ORa = 1.5), working in the raw material sector (ORa = 1.4) or market gardening/rice farming (ORa = 0.9; p = 0.043), and frequent mosquito bites (OR = 0.4; p = 0.017). These results underscore the need for stronger vector control strategies, improved bed net distribution and follow-up, and enhanced intersectoral collaboration in dam-influenced areas to reduce malaria transmission.
Keywords: malaria; prevalence; parasite density; risk factors; hydroelectric dam; Côte d’Ivoire malaria; prevalence; parasite density; risk factors; hydroelectric dam; Côte d’Ivoire

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MDPI and ACS Style

Avenié, T.J.D.; Silué, K.D.; Guindo-Coulibaly, N.; Koné, N.; Touré, S.; Valian, K.L.; Kouadio, K.S.; Bédia, A.M.J.; Déabo, B.F.; Diabagaté, K.; et al. Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10070197

AMA Style

Avenié TJD, Silué KD, Guindo-Coulibaly N, Koné N, Touré S, Valian KL, Kouadio KS, Bédia AMJ, Déabo BF, Diabagaté K, et al. Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025; 10(7):197. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10070197

Chicago/Turabian Style

Avenié, Taki Jean Deles, Kigbafori Dieudonné Silué, Négnorogo Guindo-Coulibaly, Naférima Koné, Sadikou Touré, Kouamé Laurent Valian, Kouassi Séraphin Kouadio, Alloua Marie Joelle Bédia, Boza Fulgence Déabo, Klotcholman Diabagaté, and et al. 2025. "Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 7: 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10070197

APA Style

Avenié, T. J. D., Silué, K. D., Guindo-Coulibaly, N., Koné, N., Touré, S., Valian, K. L., Kouadio, K. S., Bédia, A. M. J., Déabo, B. F., Diabagaté, K., Nsanzabana, C., & Coulibaly, J. T. (2025). Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Malaria in Rural Communities Before the Operationalization of the Singrobo–Ahouaty Dam, Southern Côte d’Ivoire. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(7), 197. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10070197

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