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Article

Patterns, Barriers and Facilitators of Responsiveness to Text Message Medication Reminders Among Youth Living with HIV in Southwest Nigeria

by
Mobolanle Balogun
1,2,*,
Aniekan E. Ulor
3,
Mayowa Odofin
3,
Olufunmilola Idowu
3,
Mmeli V. Chukwu
3,
Abiola Aina
3,
Oluwanifemi Adeshina
3,
Hameed Adelabu
3,
Lisa M. Kuhns
4,5,
Amy K. Johnson
4,5,
Kehinde M. Kuti
6,
Nadia A. Sam-Agudu
7,8,9,
Titilope Badru
3,
Marbella Cervantes
5,
Robert Garofalo
4,5,
Babafemi Taiwo
10 and
Alani S. Akanmu
3,11
1
Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 12003, Nigeria
2
Department of Community Health, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 12003, Nigeria
3
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos 12003, Nigeria
4
Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
5
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Ann and Robert H Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
6
Infectious Disease Institute, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and Staff Medical Services Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan 200285, Nigeria
7
International Research Centre of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja 900231, Nigeria
8
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Coast School of Medical Sciences, Cape Coast 00233, Ghana
9
Global Pediatrics Program and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
10
Division of Infectious Diseases and Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
11
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos 12003, Nigeria
 
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(5), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050137
Submission received: 6 March 2025 / Revised: 25 April 2025 / Accepted: 14 May 2025 / Published: 17 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adolescent HIV Care and Transition Strategies: Challenges, Outcomes, and Interventions)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The iCARE Nigeria study is evaluating a daily text message medication reminder intervention (TXTXT) to improve viral suppression and medication adherence among youth living with HIV (YLH), aged 15–24 years. In this sub-study, we evaluated text message responsiveness (text-back) at 24 weeks of the intervention as an indicator of engagement, as well as barriers and facilitators at one of six clinical study sites. Differences in responses by age group, birth sex, schooling status, education, mode of infection, and weekend/weekday and holiday/non-holiday periods were analyzed using t-test and multiple linear regression. Focus group discussions were conducted among three groups (low, average, and high text message responsiveness) and analyzed using a rapid content analysis approach. Overall, TXTXT responsiveness was 26.5% (4606/17,367); older age (18–24 years) and weekdays (versus weekends) were significantly associated with higher responsiveness. Facilitators included being comfortable receiving personalized text messages. Barriers included a lack of airtime and messages received late. Overall, text-back responsiveness to daily medication adherence messages among YLH was low, better among older participants, and higher on weekdays. Addressing barriers and promoting facilitators may improve responsiveness.
Keywords: adolescent; medication adherence; HIV; text messaging; Nigeria adolescent; medication adherence; HIV; text messaging; Nigeria

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Balogun, M.; Ulor, A.E.; Odofin, M.; Idowu, O.; Chukwu, M.V.; Aina, A.; Adeshina, O.; Adelabu, H.; Kuhns, L.M.; Johnson, A.K.; et al. Patterns, Barriers and Facilitators of Responsiveness to Text Message Medication Reminders Among Youth Living with HIV in Southwest Nigeria. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050137

AMA Style

Balogun M, Ulor AE, Odofin M, Idowu O, Chukwu MV, Aina A, Adeshina O, Adelabu H, Kuhns LM, Johnson AK, et al. Patterns, Barriers and Facilitators of Responsiveness to Text Message Medication Reminders Among Youth Living with HIV in Southwest Nigeria. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025; 10(5):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Balogun, Mobolanle, Aniekan E. Ulor, Mayowa Odofin, Olufunmilola Idowu, Mmeli V. Chukwu, Abiola Aina, Oluwanifemi Adeshina, Hameed Adelabu, Lisa M. Kuhns, Amy K. Johnson, and et al. 2025. "Patterns, Barriers and Facilitators of Responsiveness to Text Message Medication Reminders Among Youth Living with HIV in Southwest Nigeria" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 5: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050137

APA Style

Balogun, M., Ulor, A. E., Odofin, M., Idowu, O., Chukwu, M. V., Aina, A., Adeshina, O., Adelabu, H., Kuhns, L. M., Johnson, A. K., Kuti, K. M., Sam-Agudu, N. A., Badru, T., Cervantes, M., Garofalo, R., Taiwo, B., & Akanmu, A. S. (2025). Patterns, Barriers and Facilitators of Responsiveness to Text Message Medication Reminders Among Youth Living with HIV in Southwest Nigeria. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(5), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050137

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