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One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi
 
 
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Correction

Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95

1
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Zambia
2
Department of Veterinary Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe P.O. Box 219, Malawi
3
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe P.O. Box 219, Malawi
4
Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Lilongwe P.O. Box 527, Malawi
5
Department of Animal Health and Livestock Development, Lilongwe P.O. Box 2096, Malawi
6
Trustees of Agricultural Promotion Programme, P/Bag A21, Lilongwe P.O. Box 2096, Malawi
7
Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
8
International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
9
Institute for Vaccine Research and Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10(5), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050133
Submission received: 30 April 2025 / Accepted: 30 April 2025 / Published: 15 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rabies Epidemiology, Control and Prevention Studies)
There was an error in the original publication [1]. A previous proofreading version of the manuscript, which had not incorporated minor text revisions and additional clarifications, was mistakenly submitted.
A correction has been made to multiple sections, Introduction, Materials and Methods, and Results, with minor text updates across several paragraphs to improve clarity and accuracy.
Abstract: RABV genomes from human.
Section 1 (Paragraph 2): RABV in Africa is categorised into lineages 1a, 1b, 2, 3, and 4.
Section 1 (Paragraph 3): children are the most affected.
Section 1 (Paragraph 4): Thus, here, we present factors associated with human–bat interactions and the first whole-genome analysis of rabies virus (RABV) circulating in human and domestic animal (dogs and cattle) hosts in Malawi.
Section 2.4: The PCR conditions included a reverse transcription step at 50 °C for 30 min, followed by an initial denaturation at 94 °C for 2 min. This was followed by 45 cycles at 94 °C for 30 s, annealing at 52 °C for 30 s, and extension at 72 °C for 30 s, with a final extension at 72 °C for 5 min. The resulting amplicons were visualized using a 1.5% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide with a 100 bp DNA ladder as a size marker.
Section 4.7: Africa 1b subclade.
Section 4.7: The study sequences clustered closely with Zimbabwean, Mozambiquan, Namibian, South African, and Tanzanian Dog sequences, with strong support from significant bootstrap values (>97%). MW36_Lilongwe_Cow/2021 appeared higher in the tree, while MW18_Lilongwe_Dog/2019 and MW03_Blantyre_Human/2019 clustered together, indicating shared ancestry (Figure 2).
We have also added district names to the Malawian sequences throughout the manuscript i.e., from MW03_Human/2019 to MW03_Blantyre_Human/2019.
Section 5 (Paragraph 7 and Paragraph 8): changed MW strains to Malawian strains.
The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. Singano, N.; Kainga, H.; Chatanga, E.; Nkhoma, J.; Njunga, G.; Chulu, J.; Tembo, R.; Sawa, H.; Muleya, W. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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MDPI and ACS Style

Singano, N.; Kainga, H.; Chatanga, E.; Nkhoma, J.; Njunga, G.; Chulu, J.; Tembo, R.; Sawa, H.; Muleya, W. Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050133

AMA Style

Singano N, Kainga H, Chatanga E, Nkhoma J, Njunga G, Chulu J, Tembo R, Sawa H, Muleya W. Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025; 10(5):133. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050133

Chicago/Turabian Style

Singano, Nathan, Henson Kainga, Elisha Chatanga, Joseph Nkhoma, Gilson Njunga, Julius Chulu, Rabecca Tembo, Hirofumi Sawa, and Walter Muleya. 2025. "Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95" Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 10, no. 5: 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050133

APA Style

Singano, N., Kainga, H., Chatanga, E., Nkhoma, J., Njunga, G., Chulu, J., Tembo, R., Sawa, H., & Muleya, W. (2025). Correction: Singano et al. One Health Lens on Rabies: Human–Bat Interactions and Genomic Insights of Rabies Virus in Rural Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2025, 10, 95. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 10(5), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed10050133

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