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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

In Vivo Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz: Comparison Between Different Raw, Dried, and Roasted Seed Flours with Acute Toxicological Validation

by
Irene Jazmín García Luna-Pérez
1,
Sergio Esteban Moreno-Vázquez
2,
Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo
2,*,
Darío Iker Téllez-Medina
1,* and
Alicia Ortiz-Moreno
1,*
1
Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Toxicología de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sci 2026, 8(5), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8050115
Submission received: 13 March 2026 / Revised: 7 May 2026 / Accepted: 18 May 2026 / Published: 19 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Topic Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Natural Products)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Brosimum alicastrum Swartz (Mayan Nut) is a traditional Mesoamerican resource with nutritional potential exceeding many cereal grains, yet its therapeutic efficacy relative to processing remains under-researched. This study investigated the impact of geographic origin and processing on its hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties. Seed flours from Campeche (green raw—GsF), Nayarit (dried—DsF), and Yucatán (commercial roasted—RsF) were evaluated. Following proximal analysis and acute toxicity screening (up to 2000 mg/kg), effects were tested in a tyloxapol-induced hypertriglyceridemia rat model monitoring triglyceride (TG), and hepatic oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers. Proximal profiles were stable across regions. All samples were non-lethal, and, significantly, DsF and RsF achieved a maximum reduction of TG and protein carbonyl content (PCC) at only 200 mg/kg, whereas raw GsF required 2000 mg/kg. Hypertriglyceridemia induced a compensatory increase in SOD activity (~555%), which was maintained across all treated groups. Conversely, tyloxapol depleted GSH-Px activity by 16%, and only DsF, at 20 mg/kg, preserved activity statistically similar to the healthy control (6.71 ± 0.65 IU/μL). Drying and roasting seemed critical for enhancing the acute therapeutic effects observed at lower dosages.
Keywords: Brosimum alicastrum; acute toxicity; acute hypertriglyceridemia; acute oxidative stress; acute hepatic steatosis; raw-seed flour; dried-seed flour; roasted-seed flour Brosimum alicastrum; acute toxicity; acute hypertriglyceridemia; acute oxidative stress; acute hepatic steatosis; raw-seed flour; dried-seed flour; roasted-seed flour

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MDPI and ACS Style

García Luna-Pérez, I.J.; Moreno-Vázquez, S.E.; Gutiérrez-Rebolledo, G.A.; Téllez-Medina, D.I.; Ortiz-Moreno, A. In Vivo Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz: Comparison Between Different Raw, Dried, and Roasted Seed Flours with Acute Toxicological Validation. Sci 2026, 8, 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8050115

AMA Style

García Luna-Pérez IJ, Moreno-Vázquez SE, Gutiérrez-Rebolledo GA, Téllez-Medina DI, Ortiz-Moreno A. In Vivo Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz: Comparison Between Different Raw, Dried, and Roasted Seed Flours with Acute Toxicological Validation. Sci. 2026; 8(5):115. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8050115

Chicago/Turabian Style

García Luna-Pérez, Irene Jazmín, Sergio Esteban Moreno-Vázquez, Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo, Darío Iker Téllez-Medina, and Alicia Ortiz-Moreno. 2026. "In Vivo Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz: Comparison Between Different Raw, Dried, and Roasted Seed Flours with Acute Toxicological Validation" Sci 8, no. 5: 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8050115

APA Style

García Luna-Pérez, I. J., Moreno-Vázquez, S. E., Gutiérrez-Rebolledo, G. A., Téllez-Medina, D. I., & Ortiz-Moreno, A. (2026). In Vivo Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Potential of Brosimum alicastrum Swartz: Comparison Between Different Raw, Dried, and Roasted Seed Flours with Acute Toxicological Validation. Sci, 8(5), 115. https://doi.org/10.3390/sci8050115

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