Mechanical Properties of Parallel TDG Bamboo Laminated Columns with Tough and Grove Joints
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Code and Specimens
2.2. Experimental Tests
3. Test Results and Discussion
3.1. Failure Mode
3.1.1. At the Tongue and Groove
3.1.2. Splitting Mode
3.1.3. Splitting + Buckling Mode
3.1.4. Type at Location TB
- The failure of TDGLC + TG specimens with top and bottom joining (TB) had the least compressive strength due to the column being cut to connect numerous parts, which will cause a reduction in the strength of the column.
- The failure of TDGLC + TG specimens joined at the bottom (B) had the least compressive strength due to the column joint being closest to the compression force and the TDGLC + TC losing strength quickly.
3.2. Ultimate Load Capacity and Slenderness Ratio
3.3. The Relationship between Stress and Strain
3.3.1. TDGLC + TG at T and B
- Test results (stress, strain) are in descending order: B1 (5.96, 0.0029), B2 (4.73, 0.0015), and B3 (3.84, 0.0010) are the points.
- Test results (stress, strain) are in descending order: TB1 (6.33, 0.0029), TB2 (5.37, 0.0015), and TB3 (4.11, 0.0010) are the points.
3.3.2. TDGLC + TG at T and M
- 3.
- Test results (stress, strain) are in descending order: T1 (209.29, 0.0029), T2 (166.04, 0.0015), and T3 (3.84, 0.0010) are the points.
- 4.
- Test results (stress, strain) are in descending order: M1 (186.84, 0.0029), M2 (146.45, 0. 0015), and M3 (118.94, 0.0010) are the points.
3.4. Strain–Slenderness Ratio Analysis
- TDGLC + TG with the top connection type 4L01 T-4L03 T can withstand maximum loads ranging from 139.23 to 215.57 kN with a slenderness ratio of 34.6–103.92.
- TDGLC + TG with the middle connection type 4L01 M-4L03 M can bear a maximum load of between 125.5 and 190.19 at a slenderness ratio of 34.6 to 100.38.
- TDGLC + TG with the top-bottom connection type 4L01 TB and 4L03 TB can withstand high loads between 42.35 and 65.20 kN at a slenderness ratio of 42.35 to 65.20.
- TDGLC + TG type 4L01 B-4L03 B can withstand loads ranging from 39.58 to 61.36 kN while maintaining a slenderness ratio of 34.64 to 102.92.
Specimens | Length (mm) | Strain | Slenderness Ratio | Ultimate Capacity (kN) |
---|---|---|---|---|
4L03 B | 3000 | 0.0010 | 103.92 | 39.58 |
4L02 B | 2000 | 0.0015 | 69.28 | 48.69 |
4L01 B | 1000 | 0.0029 | 34.64 | 61.36 |
4L03 TB | 3000 | 0.0010 | 103.92 | 42.35 |
4L02 TB | 2000 | 0.0015 | 69.28 | 55.33 |
4L01TB | 1000 | 0.0029 | 34.64 | 65.20 |
4L03 M | 3000 | 0.0010 | 103.92 | 122.51 |
4L02 M | 2000 | 0.0015 | 69.28 | 150.44 |
4L01 M | 1000 | 0.0029 | 34.64 | 190.19 |
4L03 T | 3000 | 0.0010 | 103.92 | 139.23 |
4L02 T | 2000 | 0.0015 | 69.28 | 171.03 |
4L01 T | 1000 | 0.0029 | 34.64 | 215.57 |
4. Discussion
4.1. Load vs. Strain Comparison
4.2. Slenderness vs. Load
5. Summary and Conclusions
5.1. Load vs. Slenderness Ratio
5.2. Stress vs. Strain
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
TDG | Thai Dendrocalamus Giganteus |
TDGLC + TG | Thai Dendrocalamus Giganteus bamboo laminated column with Tongue and Groove joint |
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Property | Maximum | Minimum | Average |
---|---|---|---|
Compressive strength parallel to grain fv (MPa) | 69.65 | 20.82 | 49.27 |
Modulus of elasticity in compression EC (MPa) | 9518.59 | 5365.74 | 7721.04 |
Type | Location of Joint | Code | Length (m) | Number |
---|---|---|---|---|
4L01 B | bottom | B | 1 | 6 |
4L02 B | bottom | B | 2 | 6 |
4L03 B | bottom | B | 3 | 6 |
4L01 TB | Top and bottom | TB | 1 | 6 |
4L02 TB | Top and bottom | TB | 2 | 6 |
4L01 TB | Top and bottom | TB | 3 | 6 |
4L01 M | middle | M | 1 | 6 |
4L02 M | middle | M | 2 | 6 |
4L03 M | middle | M | 3 | 6 |
4L01 T | top | T | 1 | 6 |
4L02 T | top | T | 2 | 6 |
4L03 T | top | T | 3 | 6 |
Specimens | Mode | Type of Failure |
---|---|---|
4L01T | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L02T | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L03T | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L01M | 1, 2, 3 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH), Buckling |
4L02M | 1, 2, 3 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH), Buckling |
4L03M | 1, 2, 3 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH), Buckling |
4L01TB | 4 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L02TB | 4 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L03TB | 4 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L01B | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L02B | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
4L03B | 1, 2 | Splitting, Adhesive failure (ADH) |
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Kitiyanun, K.; Kongsong, W.; Tuprakay, S.; Tuprakay, S.R.; Harnphanich, B.; Poowarakulchai, C.; Thammapornram, C. Mechanical Properties of Parallel TDG Bamboo Laminated Columns with Tough and Grove Joints. Designs 2022, 6, 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6060107
Kitiyanun K, Kongsong W, Tuprakay S, Tuprakay SR, Harnphanich B, Poowarakulchai C, Thammapornram C. Mechanical Properties of Parallel TDG Bamboo Laminated Columns with Tough and Grove Joints. Designs. 2022; 6(6):107. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6060107
Chicago/Turabian StyleKitiyanun, Krittapat, Waranon Kongsong, Seree Tuprakay, Sirawan Ruangchuay Tuprakay, Boontham Harnphanich, Chaiwat Poowarakulchai, and Chaleeporn Thammapornram. 2022. "Mechanical Properties of Parallel TDG Bamboo Laminated Columns with Tough and Grove Joints" Designs 6, no. 6: 107. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs6060107